Silicon, which is one of the most common elements in Earth's crust, is also sprinkled abundantly throughout interstellar space. The only way to identify silicon-containing molecules in the far corners of the cosmos -- and to understand the chemistry that created them -- is to observe through telescopes the electromagnetic radiation the molecules emit. Scientists from the University of Tokyo, in Japan, have now determined the unique electromagnetic emission spectrums of two new, highly-reactive silicon compounds. The research, which is published in The Journal of Chemical Physics from AIP Publishing, will help astronomers look for the molecules in the interstellar medium.

"Like human fingerprints and DNA sequences are the markers of human identity, we can identify molecules from the frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by them," said Yasuki Endo, a researcher in the Department of Basic Science at the University of Tokyo.

Using spectroscopic techniques, scientists have already detected silicon-containing molecules in the gaseous clouds that envelop some stars and in the sparsely populated space between stars. In space, silicon is often found in dust grains containing stable compounds called silicates. However, highly reactive molecules, such as SiCN, have also been detected in the gas phase in the interstellar medium.