英文诗歌用词、词法、句法(三)
副词
amain(violently,suddenly,猛然、突然),
anon(soon,立刻);
erst(formerly,往昔);
full(very,完美的);
haply(perhaps,或许),
hard by(close or very near,在近旁);
natheless(nevertheless,然而),
nigh(almost,几乎);
right(very,precisely,准确的);
scantly(scantily,贫乏的),
scarce(scarcely,刚刚),
sore(sorely,痛苦的);
whilom(formerly,从前)
列举以下诗行为例
1、Haply some hoary-headed swain may say…
(Gray)
haply = perhaps
或许鬓发斑白的情人会说……
2、Hard by, a cottage-chimney smokes.
(Milton)
hard by = very near
近处,村舍炊烟袅袅。
3、It was near the ringing of matin-bell,
The night was well nigh done.
(Scott)
nigh=almost
晨祷钟声即将响起,
黑夜几已消尽。
4、Sweet was the sound, when, oft at ev'ning's close…
(Goldsmith)
oft=often
常值黄昏临近,
此声最为温馨。
动词
behold(see,看),
brook(bear,容忍、忍受);
cleave(cling,依恋),
cumber(distress,trouble,烦累);
deem(think,认为);
fare(walk,行走);
hearken(hear,attend,倾听、给予注意),
hie(hasten,赶紧);
ken(know,知道);
list(listen,听见);
methink(seem to me,据我看来);
quaff(drink,痛饮),
quoth(said,说);
obscure(darken,使黑暗);
slay(kill,杀害),
smite(strike,重击),
sojorn(lodge or dwell,旅居),
speed(hasten,促进);
tarry(remain,逗留),
trow(believe,相信);
vanquish(conquer,征服);
wax(grow,渐增)
列举以下诗行为例:
1、Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland lass!
(Wordsworth)
behold=see
看!那边的田野里,
苏格兰姑娘她独自一人。
2、Oh! Quickly string the harp,
I yet can brook to hear.
(Byron)
brook=bear
啊!快调好竖琴琴弦,
我还能耐心倾听。
3、Let not the dark thee cumber.
(Herrick)
cumber=distress
不要让黑暗使你疲累。
4、Him have we seen the greenwood side along,
While o'ver the heath we hied.
(Gray)
hie=hasten
当我们匆匆走过石南丛生的荒地,
我们在绿树丛边看见了他。
5、Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken.
(Coleridge)
ken=know
我们对人与兽一无所知。
6、And then methought it did appear a violet dropping dew.
(Byron)
methought=seemed to me
随即我以为,真降过一阵紫色的露珠。
7、Then changed, I trow, was that bold Baron's brow.
trow=believe
我相信,那勇敢男爵的表情已有变化。