Overview of the Banking Industry in China

I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China

Paragragh 5 (P1)

1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.

    第四，银行部门为现代财政和企业体制的发展提供必要的国家支付体系。

 

    (1)the indispensable national payment mechanism：必要的国家支付体系

        indispensable：a．不可缺少的；绝对必要的

        mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed：机制；结构

     例：competitive mechanism：竞争机制

        exchange rate mechanism：汇率机制

        market mechanism：市场机制

        price mechanism：价格机制

        mechanism of exchange：交易机构

        mechanism of government：政府机构

    (2)modern financial and business systems：现代财务制度和工商企业体系  Paragragh 6  

2.Fifth, the banking system as a whole reduces risks through aggregation and enables them to be carried by those more willing to bear them.

    整个银行体系采用集中风险的手段来降低风险，使那些更原意承担风险的人去承担风险。

   (1)aggregation: n.聚集；汇集（风险）

       aggregate: v.bring or come together in a mass聚集；汇聚

       them:此处指“风险”

       carry them (risks):负担（具有）风险

       carry: v. involve;entail:具有；使负担

    例：The loan carries 3.5% interest.该贷款负担百分之三点五的利息。

　 (2)(those persons) (who are) more willing to bear them:更原意承担风险的（那些人）

    由(who are) willing to bear them定语从句（简化为分词短语）修饰前面的those (persons)。

    bear: v.endure承担；忍受  

Paragragh 7

3.Following five decades of evolution, particularly more than two decades of reform and opening to the outside world, China's banking sector has entered a stage of vigorous development.

    中国银行业经过50年的发展，特别是经过20多年的改革开放，已经进入了一个蓬勃发展的阶段。 

 

    (1)decade: n.period of ten years:十年的期间

    (2)evolution: n.process of opening out or developing:发育；发展

    (3)reform and opening to the outside world:改革开放

4、The past few years have seen marked acceleration of China's banking reform, particularly significant strengthening of the central bank’s capacity for supervision and microeconomic management.

    在过去的几年中，中国银行业的改革速度显著加快，特别是强化了中央银行的监管职能和对宏观经济的管理职能。

    (1)strenghen: v.make or become strong(er)加强；强化

    (2)capacity: n.ability能力；职能

    (3)supervision: n.监督；管理

        supervise: v.watch and direct监督；管理；指导

    (4)microeconomic management:宏观经济管理

    (5)openness: n.open+ness  

Paragragh 8

5. The evolution of the Chinese banking system can be broadly divided into three phases.

    现代中国银行业体制的发展演变大体上分为三个阶段。

 

    (1)phase: n.stage of development:阶段；时期

6.The establishment of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.

    这个阶段以中国人民银行由既从事政策性银行业务，又从事商业性银行业务的单一银行（制度）为特征。

    本句为由which引导的非限制性定语从句，对主句作补充说明。

    (1)be characterized by …:以……为特征

    (2)mono-bank (system):单一银行（制度）

         mono-:（字首）表示“单一”之意。

    (3)由engaged in …过去分词短语修饰前面的a mono-bank (system)。

6.It is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system.

    这种体制是由高度集中的计划经济体制决定的。

    (1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的计划经济体制

    (2)dictate: v.口授命令；支配