(六)形容词、副词

1．形容词修饰名词/代词；副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，在句中可充当定语、状语、补语、表语。

序号

功用

词类

位置用法

例词/例句

1

定语

形容词

在中心词前

He’s a small Japanese boy.

副词

在中心词后

I’ve got used to the life here.

2

状语

形容词

句首/中，表原因/时间

句末/中，表伴随/结果

Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest.

He lay in bed, awake.

副词

在被修饰词前、后修饰全句，位置灵活

You are quite right.

Sometimes he goes to school on foot.

3

表语

形容词

副词

系动词后

He is tired.

They are out.

4

补语

形容词

作主补在谓语后

作宾补在宾语后

The little boy was found dead.

He find it very useful.

副词

作主补在谓语后

作宾补在宾语后

She was seen out.

Let me show you out.

注意：

（1）the/these/those+形容词表示一类人/物；成对的形容词这样用时可省去the。

The rich are not always happy.

High and low all like this flower.

（2）“enough足够的”作定语时既可放在中心词前也可放在中心词后；但作副词时只能后置。

We have enough food to eat.

We have food enough to eat.

It’s warm enough.

（3）许多以前缀a-构成的形容词常作后置定语，这样的形容词有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。

It is a book worth reading.

Do you know the man asleep over there?

（4）形容词修饰由some/any/no/every与one/body/thing构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。

I have something important to tell you.

（5）形容词（与其他词组/语构成的）短语作定语时要后置。

English is a language difficult to master.

（6）几个副词作状语并列时，位置一般按方式→地点→时间顺序排列。

He came here by air yesterday.

（7）几个形容词并列作表语时，并列的词之间用逗号隔开，最后两个词之间用and(but/yet)等连接，并列词的先后顺序较灵活（有时将强调的词放在最后）。

He is tall,dark and handsome.

2. 形容词、副词比较等级的构成及形式：

规

则

变

化

构 成

形 式

原级

比较级

最高级

单音节词和少数以-er, -ow, -le, -y结尾的双音节词

一般

tall

加-er

taller

加-est

tallest

以不发音e结尾

noble

加-r

nobler

加-st

noblest

以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节

wet

big

双写最后辅音字母再加-er

wetter

bigger

双写最后辅音字母再加-est

wettest

biggest

辅音字母加-y结尾的词

easy

heavy

改y为i再加-er

easier

heavier

改y为i再加-est

easiest

heaviest

多音节词，多数双音节词及部分加-ly等变来或由分词变来的词

delicious

slowly

tired

tiresome

词前加more

more delicious

more slowly

more tired

more tiresome

词前加most

most delicious

most slowly

most tired

most tiresome

不

规

则

变

化

good

well

better

best

bad/ill

badly

worse

worst

many

much

more

most

little

less

least

old

elder

eldest

older

oldest

far

farther

farthest

further

furthest

late

later

latest

latter

last

注意：

（1）形容词最高级前要用the,而副词最高级前的the可省。

（2）下面这些词的比较等级可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most构成。

cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.