Time—35 minutes

25 Questions

Directions： The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer； that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

1. If you have a large amount of money in the bank, your spending power is great. If your spending power is great, you are happy. So if you have a large amount of money in the bank, you are happy.

Which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning in the argument above？

（A） If you have good health, you can earn a lot. If you can earn a lot, you can buy an expensive house. So if you have good health, you can have a comfortable life.

（B） If you drink too much alcohol, you will feel sick. If you drink too much alcohol, you will have no money left. So if you have no money left, you will feel sick.

（C） If you swim energetically, your heart rate increases. If your heart rate increases, you are overexcited. So if you swim energetically, you are overexcited.

（D） If you take a great deal of exercise, you are physically fit. If you take a great deal of exercise, you are exhausted. So if you are physically fit, you are exhausted.

（E） If you have a large amount of money in the bank, you are confident about the future. If you are optimistic by nature, you are confident about the future. So if you have a large amount of money in the bank, you are optimistic by nature.

2. For a television program about astrology, investigators went into the street and found twenty volunteers born under the sign of Gemini who were willing to be interviewed on the program and to take a personality test. The test confirmed the investigators' personal impressions that each of the volunteers was more sociable and extroverted than people are on average. This modest investigation thus supports the claim that one's astrological birth sign influence one's personality.

Which one of the following, if true, indicates the most serious flaw in the method used by the investigators？

（A） The personality test was not administrated or scored personally by the investigators.

（B） People born under astrological signs other than Gemini have been judged by astrologers to be much less sociable than those born under Gemini.

（C） The personal impressions the investigators first formed of other people have tended to be confirmed by the investigators' later experience of those people.

（D） There is not likely to be a greater proportion of people born under the sign of Gemini on the street than in the population as a whole.

（E） People who are not sociable and extroverted are not likely to agree to participate in such an investigation.

3.In Europe, schoolchildren devote time during each school day to calisthenics. North American schools rarely offer a daily calisthenics program. Tests prove that North American children are weaker, slower, and shorter-winded than European children. We must conclude that North American children can be made physically fit only if they participate in school calisthenics on a daily basis.

Which one of the following is assumed in the passage？

（A） All children can be made physically fit by daily calisthenics.

（B） All children can be made equally physically fit by daily calisthenics.

（C） Superior physical fitness produces superior health.

（D） School calisthenics are an indispensable factor in European children's superior physical fitness.

（E） North American children can learn to eat a more nutritious diet as well as to exercise daily.

4. A work of architecture, if it is to be both inviting and functional for public use, must be unobtrusive, taking second place to the total environment. Modern architects, plagued by egoism, have violated this precept. They have let their strong personalities take over their work, producing buildings that are not functional for public use.

Which one of the statements below follows logically from the statements in the passage？

（A） Unobtrusive architecture is both inviting and functional.

（B） Modern architects who let their strong personalities take over their work produce buildings that are not unobtrusive.

（C） An architect with a strong personality cannot produce buildings that functional well for the public.

（D） A work of architecture that takes second place to the environment functions well for public use.

（E） A work of architecture cannot simultaneously express its architect's personality and be functional for public use.

5. Observatory director： Some say that funding the megatelescope will benefit only the astronomers who will work with it. This dangerous point of view, applied to the work of Maxwell, Newton, or Einstein, would have stifled their research and deprived the world of beneficial applications, such as the development of radio, that followed from that research.

If the statements above are put forward as an argument in favor of development of the megatelescope, which one of the following in the strongest criticism of that argument？

（A） It appeals to the authority of experts who cannot have known all the issues involved in construction of the megatelescope.

（B） It does not identify those opposed to development of the megatelescope.

（C） It launches a personal attack on opponents of the megatelescope by accusing them of having a dangerous point of view.

（D） It does not distinguish between the economic and the intellectual sense of “benefit.”

（E） It does not show that the proposed megatelescope research is worthy of comparison with that of eminent scientists in its potential for applications.

6. The Transit Authority's proposal to increase fares by 40 percent must be implemented. Admittedly, this fare increase will improve a hardship on some bus and subway riders. But if the fare is not increased, service will have to be cut severely and that would result in an unacceptably large loss of ridership.

The passage employs which one of the following argumentative strategies？

（A） It offers evidence that the recommended course of action would have no undesirable consequences.

（B） It shows that a proponent of any alternative position would be force into a contradiction.

（C） It arrives at its conclusion indirectly by providing reasons for rejecting an alternative course of action.

（D） It explains why the recommended course of action would not be subject to the objections raised against the alternative.

（E） It justifies the conclusion by showing that such a course of action has proven effective in the past.