民事法律
法律渊源 source of law
制定法 statute
判例法 case law; precedent
普通法 common law
特别法 special law
固有法 native law; indigenous law
继受法 adopted law
实体法 substantial law
程序法 procedural law
原则法 fundamental law
例外法 exception law
司法解释 judicial interpretation
习惯法 customary law
公序良俗 public order and moral
自然法 natural law
罗马法 Roman Law
私法 private law
公法 public law
市民法 jus civile
万民法 jus gentium
民法法系 civil law system
英美法系 system of Anglo-American law
大陆法系 civil law system
普通法 common law
大陆法 continental law
罗马法系 Roman law system
英吉利法 English law
衡平法 equity; law of equity
日尔曼法 Germantic law
教会法 ecclesiastical law
寺院法 canon law
伊斯兰法 Islamic law
民法法律规范 norm of civil law
授权规范 authorization norm  
禁止规范 forbidding norm
义务性规范 obligatory norm
命令性规范 commanding norm
民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law
平等原则 principle of equality
自愿原则 principle of free will  
公平原则 principle of justice
等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
诚实信用原则 principle of good faith
行为 act
作为 act
不作为 omission
合法行为 lawful act
违法行为 unlawful act
民事权利权利能力 civil right
绝对权 absolute right
相对权 relative right
优先权 right of priority
先买权 preemption
原权 antecedent right
救济权 right of relief
支配权 right of dominion
请求权 right of claim
物上请求权 right of claim for real thing
形成权 right of formation
撤销权 right of claiming cancellation
否认权 right of claiming cancellation
解除权 right of renouncement
代位权 subrogated right
选择权 right of choice
承认权 right of admission
终止权 right of termination
抗辩权 right of defense
一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense
永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right
不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right
同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance
既得权 tested right
期待权 expectant right
专属权 exclusive right
非专属权 non-exclusive right
人身权利 personal right
人权 human right
人格权 right of personality
生命健康权 right of life and health
姓名权 right of name
名称权 right of name
肖像权 right of portraiture
自由权 right of freedom
名誉权 right reputation
隐私权 right of privacy
私生活秘密权 right of privacy
贞操权 virginity right
身份权 right of status
亲权 parental power; parental right
亲属权 right of relative
探视权 visitation right
配偶权 right of spouse
荣誉权 right of honor
权利的保护 protection of right
公力救济 public protection
私力救济 self-protection
权利本位 standard of right
社会本位 standard of society
无责任行为 irresponsible right
正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence
防卫行为 act of defence
自为行为 self-conducting act
紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity
自助行为 act of self-help
不可抗力 force majeure
意外事件 accident
行为能力 capacity for act
意思能力 capacity of will
民事行为 civil act
意思表示 declaration of intention
意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus
完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act  
限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act
准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person
保佐 protection
自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity
无行为能力 incapacity for act
禁治产人 interdicted person
自然人 natural person
公民 citizen
住所 domicile
居所 residence
经常居住地 frequently dwelling place
户籍 census register
监护 guardianship
个体工商户 individual business
农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household
合伙 partnership
合伙人 partner
合伙协议 partnership agreement
合伙财产 property of partnership
合伙债务 debt of partnership
入伙 join partnership
退伙 withdrawal from partnership
合伙企业 partnership business establishment
个人合伙 partnership
法人合伙 partnership of legal person
特别合伙 special partnership
普通合伙 general partnership  
有限合伙 limited partnership
民事合伙 civil partnership
隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership
私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship
法人 legal person
企业法人 legal body of enterprise
企业集团 group of enterprise
关联企业 affiliate enterprise
个人独资企业 individual business establishment
国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise
中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise
中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise
社团法人 legal body of mass organization
财团法人 legal body of financial group
联营 joint venture
法人型联营 association of legal persons
合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership
协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management
合作社 cooperative
民事法律行为 civil legal act
单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act
双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act
多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act
有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration
无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award
实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act
诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act
要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act
不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act
要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act
不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act
主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act
从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act
附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act
附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term  
生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death
死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death
准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act
无效行为 ineffective act
可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act
违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act
侵权行为 tort
欺诈 fraud
胁迫 duress
乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position
以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention
恶意串通 malicious collaboration
重大误解 gross misunderstanding
显失公平 obvious unjust
误传 misrepresentation
代理 agency
本人 principal
被代理人 principal
受托人 trustee
代理人 agent
本代理人 original agent
法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent
委托代理人 agent by mandate
指定代理人 designated agent
复代理人 subagent
再代理人 subagent
转代理人 subagent
代理权 right of agency
授权行为 act of authorization
授权委托书 power of attorney
代理行为 act of agency
委托代理 agency by mandate
本代理 original agency
复代理 subagency
次代理 subagency
有权代理 authorized agency
表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency
律师代理 agency by lawyer
普通代理 general agency
全权代理 general agency
全权代理委托书 general power of attorney
孳息 fruits
天然孳息 natural fruits
法定孳息 legal fruits
无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods
遗失物 lost property
漂流物 drifting object
埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property
货币 currency
证券 securities
债券 bond
物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right  
自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership
所有权 dominium; ownership; title
所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership
占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership
使用权 right of use; right to use of  
收益权 right to earnings; right to yields
处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi
善意占有 possession in good faith
恶意占有 malicious possession
按份共有 several possession
共同共有 joint possession
他物权 jus in re aliena
用益物权 real right for usufruct
使用权 right to use; right of use
土地使用权 right to the use of land
林权 forest ownership
采矿权 mining ownership
经营权 managerial authority; power of management
承包经营权 right to contracted management
相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright
地上权 superficies
永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract
地役权 servitude; easement
人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude
担保物权 real right for security
物的担保 security for thing
物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing
抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage
抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage
抵押人 mortgagor
抵押权人 mortgagee
抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage
抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage
抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage
抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage
抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage
抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage
抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to  
mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage
抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage
抵押优先权 priority of mortgage
留置权 lien
一般留置权 general lien  
特别留置权 special lien
质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge
佃权 tenant right  
债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right
债权人 creditor
债务人 debtor
相对人 counterpart; offeree
给付 give; pay
债务 debt; liability; obligation
债务的偿还 payment of debt
债务的偿清 discharge of debt
债务的担保 guarantee of debt
债务的合并 consolidation of debt
债务的给付日期 debt maturity
债务的免除 exemption of debt
债的分类 obligatio; obligation
法定之债 legal obligation
任意之债 voluntary obligation
简单之债 simple obligation
选择之债 alternative obligation
主债 prime/principal obligation
从债 accessory obligation
单一之债 single obligation
按份之债 several obligation
连带之债 joint obligation
特定之债 certain obligation
种类之债 indefinite obligation
合同之债 contractual obligation
侵权行为之债 tort obligation  
损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages
人身损害 damage to person
精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage
医药费 hospital treatment expense
医疗费 medical charge
抚恤金 pension
慰问金 consolation money
产品瑕疵 defect of product
不当得利 unjust enrichment
无因管理 voluntary service
债的担保 guarantee of obligation
财产担保 property guarantee
信用担保 credit guarantee
让与担保 alienation guarantee
保证 guaranty
明示保证 express guaranty
默示保证 implied guaranty
保证人 guarantor
保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship
保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit
押金 deposit; foregift
预付款 advanced payment
定金 earnest money; deposit
违约金 liquidated damages
法定违约金 liquidated damages by law
约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement
债的履行 performance of obligation
实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance
情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances
不当履行 misfeasance
清偿 discharge; satisfaction
提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority
抵销 setoff
知识产权 intellectual property
知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property
国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment
优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine
自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection
特许权使用费 royalties
智力成果 intellectual property
著作权 copyright
版权 copyright
著作权人 copyright owner
创作 creation
作品 opus; product; work
著作人格权 right of personality of copyright
发表权 right of publication
署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity
修改权 right of modification; right of revision
完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity
不可侵犯权 inviolability
收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval
自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense
著作财产权 property right in work  
使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct
利用权 right to make use of  
获得报酬权 right to get payment
重播权 right of rebroadcasting
录制权 right of fixation
机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction
著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright
剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism
盗版 pirate
盗版VCD pirated VCD
伪造 forge
工业产权 industrial property
专利权 patent right
优先权日 priority date
申请在先原则 prior application rule
使用在先 priority of use
新颖性 novelty
创造性 creativity
实用性 practicability
发明创造 invention and creation
实用新型 utility model
外观设计 design; industrial design
发明权 right of invention
发现权 right of discovery
专利申请 patent application
专利异议 objection to a patent
专利公告 patent gazette
专利续展费 renewal fee of patent
专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement
技术诀窍 know-how
专有技术 know-how
专利证书 certificate of patent
专利事务所 patent office
专利代理 patent agency
中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China
商标权 trademark right
商标国际注册 international registration of trademark
商品商标 commodity trademark
服务商标 service trademark
驰名商标 reputed trademark
广告商标 advertisement trademark
近似商标 similar trademark
商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board
商标审查 trademark examination
商标侵权 trademark infringement
商标注册 registered trademark
商标公告 trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark
注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark
商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement
商标事务所 trademark office
商标代理 trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption
婚姻法 marital law; marriage law
包办婚姻 arranged marriage
财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property
重婚 bigamy
独生子女 only child
法律婚 legal marriage
非婚生子女 illegitimate child
夫妻共同财产 community property
夫妻关系 conjugal relationship
夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board
复婚 resumption of marriage
感情破裂 incompatibility
婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties
婚姻登记 marriage registration
婚生子女 ligitimate child
计划生育 birth control
结婚 marry
离婚 divorce
买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage
拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law
旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation
涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements
配偶 spouse
事实婚 de facto marriage
诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation
探视权 visitation right
同居 cohabitation
晚婚 late marriage
无效婚姻 void marriage
协议离婚 divorce by agreement  
一夫一妻制 monogamy
早婚 early marriage
直系血亲 lineal descent
自然血亲 natural blood relation
收养法 adoption law
收养协议 adoption agreement
收养人 adoptive parent
送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption
涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements
继承法 inheritance law; law of succession
法定继承 legal seccession
遗嘱继承 intestate succession
遗赠继承 succession by devise
自然继承 natural succession  
代位继承 representation; succession by subrogation
世袭继承 hereditary succession
间接继承 indirect succession
转继承 subsuccession
共同继承 joint succession
单独继承 single succession
继承人 heir; successor
第二顺序继承人 successor second in order
第一顺序继承人 successor first in order
继承参与人 succession participant
遗产 inheritance; heritage
遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor
遗言 last will and testament
遗书 last words
遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise
遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement