第三节 开庭审理

Section 3 Trial in Court

第一百二十条 人民法院审理民事案件，除涉及国家秘密、个人隐私或者法律另有规定的以外，应当公开进行。

"Article 120 Civil cases shall be tried in public, except for those that involve State secrets or personal privacy or are to be tried otherwise as provided by the law."

离婚案件，涉及商业秘密的案件，当事人申请不公开审理的，可以不公开审理。

A divorce case or a case involving trade secrets may not be heard in public if a party so requests.

第一百二十一条 人民法院审理民事案件，根据需要进行巡回审理，就地办案。

"Article 121 For civil cases, the people's court shall, whenever necessary, go on circuit to hold trials on the spot."

第一百二十二条 人民法院审理民事案件，应当在开庭三日前通知当事人和其他诉讼参与人。公开审理的，应当公告当事人姓名、案由和开庭的时间、地点。

"Article 122 For civil cases, the people's court shall notify the parties and other participants in the proceedings three days before the opening of a court session. If a case is to be tried in public, the names of the parties, the cause of action and the time and location of the court session shall be announced publicly."

第一百二十三条 开庭审理前，书记员应当查明当事人和其他诉讼参与人是否到庭，宣布法庭纪律。

"Article 123 Before a court session is called to order, the court clerk shall ascertain whether or not the parties and other participants in the proceedings are present and announce the rules of order of the court."

开庭审理时，由审判长核对当事人，宣布案由，宣布审判人员、书记员名单，告知当事人有关的诉讼权利义务，询问当事人是否提出回避申请。

"At the beginning of a court session, the presiding judge shall check the parties present, announce the cause of action and the names of the judicial officers and court clerks, inform the parties of their relevant litigation rights and obligations and ask the parties whether or not they wish to apply for the withdrawal of any court personnel."

第一百二十四条 法庭调查按照下列顺序进行：

Article 124 Court investigation shall be conducted in the following order:

（一）当事人陈述；

(1) statements by the parties;

（二）告知证人的权利义务，证人作证，宣读未到庭的证人证言；

"(2) informing the witnesses of their rights and obligations, giving testimony by the witnesses and reading of the written statements of absentee witnesses; "

（三）出示书证、物证和视听资料；

"(3) presentation of documentary evidence, material evidence and audio-visual material; "

（四）宣读鉴定结论；

(4) reading of expert conclusions;

（五）宣读勘验笔录。

and (5) reading of records of inspection.

第一百二十五条 当事人在法庭上可以提出新的证据。

Article 125 The parties may present new evidence during a court session.

当事人经法庭许可，可以向证人、鉴定人、勘验人发问。

"With the permission of the court, the parties may put questions to witnesses, expert witnesses and inspectors."

当事人要求重新进行调查、鉴定或者勘验的，是否准许，由人民法院决定。

"Any request by the parties concerned for a new investigation, expert evaluation or inspection shall be subject to the approval of the people's court."

第一百二十六条 原告增加诉讼请求，被告提出反诉，第三人提出与本案有关的诉讼请求，可以合并审理。

"Article 126 Additional claims by the plaintiff, counterclaims by the defendant and third-party claims related to the case may be tried in combination."

第一百二十七条 法庭辩论按照下列顺序进行：

Article 127 Court debate shall be conducted in the following order:

（一）原告及其诉讼代理人发言；

(1) oral statements by the plaintiff and his agents ad litem;

（二）被告及其诉讼代理人答辩；

(2) defence by the defendant and his agents ad litem;

（三）第三人及其诉讼代理人发言或者答辩；

(3) oral statement or defence by the third party and his agents ad litem;

（四）互相辩论。

(4) debate between the two sides.

法庭辩论终结，由审判长按照原告、被告、第三人的先后顺序征询各方最后意见。

"At the end of the court debate, the presiding judge shall ask each side, first the plaintiff, then the defendant, and then the third party, for their final opinion respectively."

第一百二十八条 法庭辩论终结，应当依法作出判决。

"Article 128 At the end of the court debate, a judgment shall be made according to the law. "

判决前能够调解的，还可以进行调解，调解不成的，应当及时判决。

"Where conciliation is possible prior to the rendering of a judgment, conciliation efforts may be made; if conciliation proves to be unsuccessful, a judgment shall be made without delay."

第一百二十九条 原告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以按撤诉处理；被告反诉的，可以缺席判决。

"Article 129 If a plaintiff, having been served with a summons, refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, or if he withdraws during a court session without the permission of the court, the case may be considered as withdrawn by him; if the defendant files a counterclaim in the mean time, the court may make a judgment by default."

第一百三十条 被告经传票传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭的，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以缺席判决。

"Article 130 If a defendant, having been served with a summons, refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, or if he withdraws during a court session without the permission of the court, the court may make a judgment by default."