金融英语阅读:发改委专家详解贫富差距
英文: Narrowing rich-poor gap: A key to China's modernization
Narrowing the divide between the rich and poor is standing as one of the core issues at the fifth plenary of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which opened Saturday.
The income divide among Chinese citizens has been sharply widened since 2003, and has reached the severe "yellow light" warning level.
Gan Yuping, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) holds that China's modernization must give priority to reform of taxation, social security, and more support for rural areas.
Statistics show that as of July this year, Chinese rural areas had over 26.1 million denizens in absolute poverty, despite the fact that 27 Chinese provinces and municipalities scrapped agriculture taxation in 2005, resulting in 20 billion yuan (about 2.5 billion US dollars) of subsidies to agriculture and farmers.
Twenty percent of urban families possess 66.4 percent of the total urban family financial assets. A hearing on personal income taxation was held last month by China's top legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, which proposed to increase the tax levying point from 800 yuan (about 100 US dollars) to 1,500 yuan (about 187.5 US dollars).
The Chinese government is considering collecting high-consumption taxation and legacy taxation as ways to reduce the rich-poor gap.
Other measures include building a framework for helping poor citizens and measures to help those unemployed.
A report jointly published by the UN and the World Bank shows that China has become a "paradigm" for poverty elimination. Since China adopted the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the country's per capita GDP has increased by five times.
China saw a 1.5 million annual reduction of the its population living in poverty in the 2001-2004 period.
Source: Xinhua
中文:发改委专家详解贫富差距
该专家认为,“十一五”期间,只有让老百姓普遍享受经济成果,才能实现协调发展
在十六届五中全会热烈讨论贫富差距之前,一份调查报告显示,目前,政府已经掌握了社会剩余产品总价值的87.5%,留给社会的只有12.5%。
国家发改委经济研究所研究员杨宜勇昨日告诉《第一财经日报》,如果这种局面仍不改变,将会导致社会投资能力差,居民消费能力低以及社会再生产能力被削弱,影响技术进步等严重后果。
一组数据
统计局的数据显示,城镇居民可支配收入的基尼系数不断提高,2003年达到0.34,比2002年提高0.018,“十五”末期有可能会超过0.35。
“这意味着最富有的10%家庭与最贫穷的10%家庭人均可支配收入差距将超过8倍,或者将有六成城镇居民的人均可支配收入达不到平均水平。”杨宜勇表示。
事实上,中国城乡统算的基尼系数早在2000年就超出了国际公认的警戒线0.40,目前则已经超过0.45。
“改革开放已经搞了26年,我们应该考虑让广大的老百姓更加普遍地享受到经济和社会发展的成果。”杨宜勇认为,“十一五”期间也只有这样做,才能实现社会经济的全面协调发展。
两个现象
如果说基尼系数对于普通市民尚显陌生的话,那么行业差距则会让每一个人都感同身受。
“十五”期间,中国的电力、煤气、供水、铁路、通信等行业职工平均工资年增长率均出现了提速、高于“九五”期间平均增长率3~5个百分点。与此同时,金融和保险业、党政机关和社会团体也分别较“九五”期间提高7个百分点和5个百分点以上。
在杨宜勇看来,虽然此间各行业就业者收入水平都有所提高,但提高的程度各不相同。尤为明显的是,垄断行业与一般行业职工间的收入差距则呈持续扩大趋势。
另一个值得关注的现象是,当前全国人均财产性收入增长速度已经是劳动收入(城镇工薪收入和农村经营性收入)增长速度的两倍。也就是说,当一部分人还在努力出卖劳动力换取报酬时,另一部分人已经可以坐享财产带来的收益了,而且前者增长的速度远不及后者。
以2004年前3季度为例,全国城镇居民人均工薪收入同比增长11.8%,而人均财产性收入中的出租房屋收入增幅竟高达54.5%。
由于财产性收入的增幅较快,财产差距的扩大会进一步加剧收入分配的不平等。杨宜勇在起草“十一五”收入分配问题及其对策报告时,提出了予以调控的建议。
让百姓享受经济发展成果
一个公认的规律是,当一个国家的人均GDP从1000美元向3000美元迈进时,往往是产业结构剧烈变化、社会格局重新调整、利益矛盾不断增加、收入加速分化的时期。
杨宜勇认为,当今中国要想平稳地渡过这个难关,就必须全面贯彻落实科学发展观。具体来说,就是要高度重视收入分配问题,让广大的老百姓更加普遍地享受到经济和社会发展的成果。在这个过程中,政府负有最为重要的责任,即必须通过立法及政府行为、通过制定系统的社会政策等来完成。