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“as...as...”的结构的理解和翻译

分类: 中学试题 
“ as …… as …… ”是大家熟悉的一种结构,常译为“像……一样”。但在实际应用中,会有例外。如在《大学体验英语》中有这样一个句子:

Anti-virus software plays one, albeit important, part in the defense of your company from malicious attack but the security of your computer system is only as strong as the weakest link. And that, more often than not, is the human factor.

在这里,将 as …… as …… 译为“像……一样”,显然是行不通的。如何解决这一问题?我们可以从 as …… as …… 的结构入手,分析一下它的用法。

1. 当主语是同一性质的事物比较时, as …… as …… 解释为“同……一样”

例: John is as bright as Bob. 约翰和鲍博一样聪明。

2. 当 as …… as …… 结构的主语相同,而比较项目不同,即把同一事物两种不同性质的方面等同比较时,相当于 both …… and …… ,可译为“既……又……”

例: He is as brave as wise. 他既勇敢又聪明。来源:www.examda.com

She is as gifted as diligent. 她不但有天赋,而且勤奋。

根据以上讨论,我们可以将上面一个句子译为:“杀毒软件的作用固然重要,但在保护公司不受恶意攻击的战斗中,只能起一定的作用。公司的计算机系统安全与否,恰恰系于一个既薄弱又牢固的环节,而这个环节往往取决于人。”

除此以外, as …… as…… 还有以下几种用法:

1. as …… as …… 结构的两个主语和两个比较项目都不同,即把两个不同的人和物在不同的方面比较时,相当于 whereas ,可译为“而”。

例: He was as experienced as his brother was green. 他经验丰富,而他的弟弟则涉世未深。

The prisons are as over-crowded as the farmlands are empty. 监狱里人满为患,而地里却无人耕作。

2. 当 as …… as …… 的结构后面连接 can / any / ever / possible / 等词时,表示最高级的意思,可译为“极其,最好或尽量”。

例: He is as wrong as wrong can be. 他大错特错了。

This is as fair a land as ever. 这是一片最美的土地。

3. 当 as …… as …… 结构后面表示重量、数量、时间、距离等计量名词时,相当于 up to ,表示程度,可译为“达到……”。

例: The river is as deep as 10 meters. 此河深达 10 米。

At night, the temperature on the moon may be as low as -160 ℃ . 在夜晚,月球的温度可能低至零下 160 度。

as …… as …… 结构还有一些固定搭配的词组,其中意思也难于从字面上猜测,如 as good as 简直是 / 几乎等于, as soon as not 更愿意, as likely as not 很可能, as often as not 往往 / 常常,这些需要平时多加积累和注意。

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