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while用法面面观

分类: 中学试题 

一、 while 用作名词时,意为“一段时间,一会儿”。例如:
I stayed there for a short while.

(我在那儿呆了一小会儿。)

The postman came a short while ago.

(邮递员刚刚来过。)

二、 while 用作连词时,有以下几种含义:

1. 意为“当……时候,和……同时”,引导时间状语从句。例如:

While I was watching TV, the bell rang.

(我看电视时,铃响了。)

Meimei watched TV while she ate her supper.

(梅梅边吃晚饭边看电视。)

2. 意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。例如:

While it was late, he went on working.

(虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作。)

While he is in poor health, he works hard.

(虽然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作。)

3. 连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系。例如:

He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.

(他出去散步了,而我却呆在家里。)

I like singing while she likes dancing.

(我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞。)

You like sports, while I prefer music.

(你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。)

三、 while 引导状语从句时,应注意以下几点:

1. while 引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而 while 引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以从意义上加以区分。例如:

While he was tired, he went on working.

(虽然他累了,但他还是继续工作。)

( while 引导让步状语从句)

While he was tired, he would have a rest.

(他累了就休息一会儿。)

( while 引导时间状语从句)

2. while 引导让步状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词 be 都可以省略。例如:

While he was ill, he went there. (= While ill, he went there.)

(虽然他有病,但他还是去那里了。)

3. while 和 when 都可以引导时间状语从句,但应注意: while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词;而 when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时, while 和 when 可以互相替换。例如:

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

(我们正在谈话时,老师进来了。)

The bus had left when we arrived at the bus stop.

(当我们到达车站时,公共汽车已经开走了。)

( arrive 是非延续性动词,因此,此句中的 when 不能用 while 替换。)

When / While we were having a meeting, our teacher came in.

(我们正在开会时,老师走了进来。)

( have 是延续性动词,因此,句中的 when 可以用 while 替换。)

4. while 引导的状语从句还可以表示“某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中”。例如:

While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening.

(老师讲课时,学生们在听。)

While he was writing, I was reading.

(他写字时,我在看书。)

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