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From < The police are a bunch of monkeys >摘自(经济学人)Jan 26th 2006

Dr Flack thinks that monkey societies also have police. Moreover, removing those police makes such societies less happy places.
……
To look at the effect of such policing, the team first recorded details of the social network between members of the group. They looked at such things as grooming, sitting in contact with or close to others, and play. Then they rounded up and removed the male police for ten hours on a randomly chosen day once a fortnight (they left the female because they thought that removing her would be socially disruptive for other reasons). Ten hours was reckoned long enough for the effects of the police's absence to be noticed, but not so long that the remaining males would start manoeuvring to occupy the vacant alpha positions.

It turned out that policing is the keystone of macaque society.Removing the police resulted in the remaining monkeys grooming fewer others, playing with fewer others and dividing up into cliques as the social network that held the troop together broke down. The number of aggressive incidents also increased.

Dr Flack thinks that the role of policing in these monkeys is to allow individuals to socialise widely at little risk and thus hold a large troop together, since the police will intervene if things get out of hand. The benefit to the police themselves, presumably, is the size of the troop, with the attendant virtues of defensive strength and (for the males) more available females. In simian as in human society, rank hath its privilege—and its obligations, too.

new words

reckon     v. 计算,总计,评估
I reckon this will be a hot summer.
我估计这将是一个炎热的夏天。
They reckon the book as one of his best works.
他们认为这本书是他的优秀作品之一。
The news won't worry her, I reckon.
我看这消息不会使她不安。
We're reckoning on moving house in May.
我们指望著五月份搬家.
Can I reckon on you to help?
你能帮助我吗?
When you did your expenses, did you reckon in your taxi fares?
你计算费用时, 把计程车费算进去了吗？
They had many difficulties to reckon with.
他们有许多困难要考虑
一个建设的新高潮正在兴起。
manoeuvring    [军]调遣，部署，操纵
Cyclists were manoeuvring on the practice track.
自行车运动员在练习用的车道上练习技巧.
Several candidates had been manoeuvring for position long before the leadership became vacant.
领导职位尚未空缺, 几个竞争者早就在为向上爬而钩心斗角了.
The fleet is manoeuvring in the Baltic.
该舰队正在波罗的海演习.
groom     n. 马夫,新郎,男仆；v. 喂马,整饰,推荐
Monkeys groom each other.
猴子相互梳理毛发。
groom a presidential candidate
推荐总统候选
groom an employee for advancement.
准备提升一名雇员
clique    n. 私党,派系,阀；v. 结党
The club is dominated by a small clique of intellectuals.
这俱乐部被知识分子小集团把持著.
troop    n. 群,组,多数；v. 群集,结队,成群而行
There is a troop of monkeys in the woods.
林子中有一群猴子。
The audience began to troop away.
听众开始成群结队地离去。
He came out with a troop of followers.
他带着一大群随从走出来。
The troop ships were convoyed across the Atlantic
运兵船被护送渡过大西洋。
The troop made good their retreat from the occupied city
部队从沦陷的城市安全撤出。
The enemy made a thrust against our troop.
敌人向我军发动了袭击。

≡参考答案：≡

据计算，10个小时已经足以显示缺少警察的结果，但是还不足以使的剩余的雄性猴子开始行动起来占据空出来的首席位。 把猴群警察移走的结果是剩余的猴子相互梳毛、相互玩耍的行为减少了，并分成了几个帮派。因为把整个群体集合在一起的社会网络瓦解了。 Flack博士认为警察在猴群中的作用是在几乎没有危险的情况下让单个猴子能够广泛交际，因而能够保持群体的集合。因为警察会在局面难以控制时进行干预。