本试题分两部分。第一部分为选择题，1页至6页，第二部分为非选择题，7页至8页，共8页：选择题50分，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题除外)，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不记分。
part one
i．vocabulary and structure (10 points,1 point for each)
从下列各名四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑.
1． death and taxes are two things in life that every american can be sure______。
[a] of [b]for [c]at [d]with
2． the atlantic ocean is over 6,000km ______where christopher columbus crossed it 。
[a] deep [b]wide [c]long [d]across
3． two men were sitting in a doctor's waiting room。“what are you in here ______？” asked one 。
[a]for [b]to [c]on [d]about
4． it is a good idea for parents to monitor the ______as well as the kind of television that their preschool child watches。
[a]number [b]size [c]amount [d]program
5． in the garage sale， eager buyers bought all but 50 of the unwanted items in one weekend，leaving the ericksons $442______。
[a]rich [b]better [c]richer [d]good
6． many people have made a ______to a physical fitness program so as to maintain good health。
[a]decision [b]commitment [c]contribution [d]difference
7． many species of animals are under the threat of ______because of the rapid change of natural environment。
[a]guns [b]existence [c]hunters [d]extinction
8． the knowledge and power of the information age will be within reach not just of the few，______of every classroom, every library in the near future。
[a]but [b]instead [c]because [d]then
9． generally， the children stay in the nuclear family ______they grow up and marry。
[a]although [b]as [c]until [d]where
10． the difference between the baby twins is so small ______it is even hard for their mum to tell。
[a]as [b]that [c]since [d]if
ii． cloze test (10 points， 1 point for each)
下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
children are curious about the world around them. for example， they want to know 11 their hearts beat。 they want to know why the ocean water 12 salty。
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13 children grow up， they become curious about different kinds of things。 when they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of their mothers。 14 they become interested in the physical world around them: the plants， the animals，the sky。 later， they become interested in the things 15 people have made： wheels， bicycles， cars。 and when they are adults，their curiosity 16。 sometimes this curiosity leads to a 17 in science。
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scientists spend their lives 18 to find out about the world。 19 who work with the earth sciences study the earth， the oceans， and the skies。 20 scientists who study living things work with the biological sciences。 a third group of scientists study the physical sciences， e。g。 physics， chemistry。
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11．[a]what [b]how [c]which [d]when
12．[a]feels [b]smells [c]tastes [d]looks
13．[a]as [b]since [c]as soon as [d]as long as
14．[a]so [b]even [c]thus [d]then
15．[a]that [b]whom [c]why [d]in which
16．[a]exists [b]stops [c]continues [d]decreases
17．[a]work [b]research [c]field [d]career
18．[a]try [b]to try [c]trying [d]tried
19．[a]that [b]this [c]those [d]these
20．[a]other [b]another [c]others [d]the other
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iii． reading comprehension (30 points， 2 points for each)
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
passage one
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage。
for a clearer picture of what the student knows， most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests。 they use "essay" tests， which require students to write long answers to broad， general questions such as the following： "mention several ways in which benjamin franklin has influenced the thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world。"
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one advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck。 the student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess。 another advantage is that it shows the examiner more about the student’s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole。 it should show how deeply he has thought about the subject。 sometimes， though， essay tests have disadvantages，too。 some students ate able to write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject， while other students who actually know the material have trouble e3xpressing their ideas in the essay form。
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besides， in an essay test the student's score may depend upon the examiner's feelings at the time of reading the answer。 if he is feeling tired or bored， the student may receive a lower score than he should。 another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark。 because of this， the objective test gives each student a fairer chance， and of course it is easier and quicker to score。
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whether an objective test or an essay test is used， problems arise。 when some objective questions are used along with some essay questions， however，a fairly clear picture of the student's knowledge can usually be obtained。
21．what many have been discussed in the previous paragraphs？
[a]the essay test。 [b]how teachers test their students。
[c]how students write their essays。 [d]the objective test。
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22．the essay test is preferred because______。
[a]it shows more about the student's understanding of the subject
[b]it tests the student's knowledge of the material as well as his expression of ideas。
[c]it gives each student a fairer chance
[d]its scoring may be influenced by the examiner's feelings
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23．the word ‘this' (line 4， para。3) refers to the fact that ______。
[a]students may receive a lower score in an essay test
[b]another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark
[c]different examiners may give the same essay different scores
[d]the objective test gives each student a fairer chance
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24．according to the passage， which of the following statements about the objective test is not true？
[a]it is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring。
[b]it allows the student to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material。
[c]it shows the student's ability to think about difficult problems。
[d]it is easy and quick to score。
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25．according to the author， an ideal test should be ______
[a]an objective test
[b]an essay test
[c]a combination of the two
[d]something new
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passage two
questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage。
around the world two thirds of the people are farmers。 most of them engage in subsistence farming。 this means that they raise plants and animals to furnish their families with food and other supplies。 they consume their varied output and have little to sell or to trade for other goods。 subsistence farms were common in the united states at one time， but there are few such farms today。
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two thirds of american farmers practice commercial farming。 commercial farms produce about 97 per cent of the country’s agricultural goods。 these farms are operated much like other industries。 the members of the farm family produce the commodities(商品) that will be sent to the market。 they sell their products and buy the things they need。
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some commercial farms are big factories in the field。 they may be owned by a company or by an individual as an investment。 most american farms， however， are still operated by families。a farmer may own or rent his land。
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in a country as large as the united states， farms vary widely in climate， land surface， soil，water supply， convenience to market， and other characteristics。 different regions may have different kinds of specialized farms。 specialized farmers concentrate on the kind of farming best suited to the land and climate， to their technical skills， and to the money they invest in the farm。
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however， no region is limited to a single type of farm。 indeed few farms are limited to one crop or commodity。 where output is varied and no one kind of crop or commodity produces more than half of a farm’s income, it is classified as a general farm. the general farmer grows varied crops to use the different kinds of soils or surfaces on his land and to employ his time and machinery most efficiently。
26．subsistence farmers______
[a]grow crops for their families' own use
[b]sell a lot of their products for money
[c]trade their varied output for other goods
[d]use their agricultural products as commodities
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27．subsistence farms______。
[a]are very popular in the united states now
[b]are still common in many parts of the world
[c]consist of two thirds of the total number of the farms in the world today
[d]used to be the major form of farming in the world
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28．american commercial farms______。
[a]furnish the country with two thirds of the food its people need
[b]are run in much the same way as other industries
[c]are all owned by different companies
[d]never rent their land for farming
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29．a specialized farm is characterized by ______。
[a]its especially large size
[b]its independence of the market
[c]its concentration on a single type of farming
[d]its special way of operation
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30．a farm is classified as general if ______。
[a]more than half of its income comes from varied crops
[b]it is limited to a single type of farm
[c]it employs different kinds of machines
[d]the soils or surfaces of its land are used most efficiently
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passage three
questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage。
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no one knows for sure why birds migrate(定期迁徙)。 one theory of migration says that ancient birds of the northern part of the earth were forced southward during the ice age， when ice covered large parts of europe， asia and north america. as the ice melted， the birds came back to their homelands， spent the summer， and then went south again in winter。 gradually， these comings and goings became habits， and birds now migrate though much of the ice has gone。
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another theory proposes that the ancient home of all modern birds was the tropic areas。 there they lived so well that the region became overcrowded。 many species had to move northward。during the summer， these birds found plenty of room and food. in winter， however， food became scarce and they had to return to the south。
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a newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands(腺) in the bird's body and prepares it for migration。 one scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two months to artificial daylight。 recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free。 the conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the bird’s body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight。
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this theory would account for the fact that not all birds migrate at the same time。 each species seems to have its own schedule。 the theory would also account for the regular time and routes of migration。 birds arrive at a given place year after year。 unfavorable weather delays them only a few days。 total hours of daylight， rather than weather， start them on the way。
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how birds find their way to the same place year after year and why they follow their own particular route are still mysteries。 they evidently do not follow known landmarks(地面标志)，for many young birds migrate alone without the help of experienced adults。
31．we can conclude from the first paragraph that ______。
[a]during the ice age, the whole europe was covered with ice
[b]the south used to be the homelands of all birds
[c]scientists can confidently explain why birds migrate now
[d]migration of birds can be explained by the change of ice on earth。
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32．the birds mentioned in the third paragraph fly north in midwinter because ______。
[a]they are specially trained by a scientist
[b]they are affected by seasonal changes
[c]there is a change in their body temperature
[d]they are exposed to extra daylight
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33．the phrase“account for”(line 2， para. 4) most probably means ______。
[a]indicate [b]explain [c]prove [d]provide
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34．which of the following can not be inferred from the passage？
[a]birds do not migrate at the same time。
[b]birds usually follow regular routes of migration。
[c]each species has a special reason for migration。
[d]birds migrate to their own particular places every year。
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35．the best title for the passage is ______。
[a]different accounts of migration
[b]migration and weather
[c]new discovery of bird migration
[d]routes of bird migration
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part two
iv．word spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)
将下列汉语单词译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一个字母已在答题纸上给出。首字母后的每条短线上只写一个字母。
36、的微小的 37、的职业员 38、的机密 39、的尊敬
40、的邀请 41、的绝望 42、的勇气 43、的罪犯
44、的昂贵的 45、的争吵 46、的匆忙 47、的足够的
48、的残忍的 49、的奇迹 50、的平坦的 51、的失败
52、的消除 53、的暂停 54、的允许 55、的博物馆
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v．word form (10 points, 1 point for each)
将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56．sometimes ocean currents ______(call)“rivers in the sea”。
57．the most common use of telecommunication satellites has been for ______(transmit) telephone calls。
58． do you know why people ate unwilling ______(discuss) insurance？
59． this is another way of saying that man's understanding is always ______(little) than perfect。
60．you needn’t have left the door ______(unlock) since john has got the key。
61．last summer i was told by a colleague that i would cool more quickly if i ______(drink) steaming hot tea rather than a cold drink。
62．what can he ______(do) at this time of the day？
63．if i ______(leave) a little bit earlier， i would have caught the plane。
64．traditionally， all the members of an ______(extend)family lived in the same area。
65．you ______(not change) much since we met last year。
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vi． translation from chinese into english (15 points， 3 points for each)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66、的研究表明大量喝酒的人更易得心脏病。
67、的解决实际问题的办法事先不能预见。
68、的如果当时你听从我的劝告就不会陷入困境。
69、的大多数单亲父母发现独自照顾家庭有困难。
70、的是现代技术使我们走向成功。
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vii．translation from english into chinese (15 points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
when we work—and also when we play —we use up energy。 the energy may be physical or mental or a combination of the two。 when our work or play is prolonged， we become tired and want to stop and rest or change to some other activity。 if we do not stop， we become gradually less efficient。
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if we set someone at a job and keep him at it continuously without rest， ultimately he will break down and be unable to go on。 if rest intervals or changes of activity are introduced， the person will be able to work for a much longer period of time。 efficiency， then，seems to be mainly a matter of the distribution of work and rest periods。 in ordinary life， we work during the day， and sleep at night， year in and year out。
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2000年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语(一)试题参考答案及评分标准 (公共课)
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i． vocabulary and structure (10 points， 1 point for each)
1、的a 2、的b 3、的a 4、的c 5、的c
6、的b 7、的d 8、的a 9、的c 10、的b
ii． cloze test (10 points， 1 point for each)
11、的b 12、的c 13、的a 14、的d 15、的a
16、的c 17、的d 18、的c 19、的c 20、的a
iii． reading comprehension (30 points， 2 points for each)
21、的d 22、的a 23、的c 24、的c 25、的c
26、的a 27、的b 28、的b 29、的c 30、的a
31、的d 32、的d 33、的b 34、的c 35、的a
iv． word spelling (10 points， 1 point for two words)
36、的tiny 37、的profession 38 、的secret 39 、的respect 40、的 invite
41、的 despair 42、的 courage 43、的 criminal 44、的 expensive 45、的quarrel
46、的 hurry 47、的 sufficient 48、的 cruel 49、的 wonder 50、的 flat
51、的failure 52 、的remove 53、的 pause 54、的 permit 55、的 museum
[评分标准]
第iv 部分每2题1分，共10分。错1题不扣分，错3题扣1分，错5题扣2分，依此类推。多写、的少写或错写一个或一个以上的字母均为错。
v． word form (10 points, 1 point for each)
56 、的are called 57、的 transmitting 58、的 to discuss 59、的 less
60、的 unlocked 61 、的drank 62 、的be doing 63、的 had left
64、的 extended 65、的 haven't changed
[评分标准]
第v部分每题1分，共10分。语法错或拼写错均不给分。
vi． translation from chinese into english (15 points， 3 points for each)
[参考答案]
66、的 studies show that people who drink a lot are more likely to suffer from heart attacks。
67、的 solutions to actual problems cannot be seen in advance。
68、的 you wouldn’t have got into trouble if you had taken my advice。
69、的 most single parents find it hard to take care of a family alone。
70、的 it is modern technology that leads us to success。
[评分标准]
第vi部分每句3分，共15分。评分原则为：
(1) 主要语法错误(如动词时态、的语态、的虚拟语气、的主谓一致、的否定、的疑问以及其他句型错误)或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
(2) 基本语法错误(如介词、的代词、的冠词、的大写、的标点等错误) 以及不影响基本句意的用词错误每两处扣1分。
(3) 拼写错误每错两处扣1分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过3分。
vii． translation from english into chinese (15 points)
[参考答案]
当我们工作或娱乐时，我们会消耗能量。这种能量可能是体力的或脑历程的，也可能是两者都有。如果我们工作或娱乐的时间过长，就会感到疲劳，而且希望停下来休息或改做其它的事情。如果我们不停止，效率就会变得越来越低。
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如果我们让某个人做一样工作并让他不停地干下去不让他休息，最后他就会崩溃而无法继续下去。如果在工作中加入休息或者变换活动形式，他持续工作的时间就会长得多。因此，效率看起来主要是工作和休息时间的分配问题。在平常生活中，我们白天工作，晚上休息，年年如此。
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[评分标准]
第vii部分共15分。评分原则为：
短文英译汉的评分标准按译文质量分为15—13分、的12—10分、的9—7分、的6—4分和3—1分五个档次。各档次标准如下：
(1)15—13分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。
(2)12—10分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺，但有少数语句翻译错误。
(3)9—7分。全文不少于一半的内容翻译基本正确，汉语表达尚通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。
(4)6—4分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。
(5)3—1分。仅译对个别句子。
(6)全文译错或或只译出零星单词或全文未译，不给分。
(7)缺译的语句按完全译错处理。
根据以上评分档次描述，评分可在相应的档次内上下浮动。