本试题分两部分。第一部分为选择题，1页至6页，第二部分为非选择题，7页至8页，共8页；选择题50分，非选择题50分，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。全部题目用英文作答(英文翻译题除外)，并将答案写在答案纸的相应位置上，否则不记分。
part one
i. vocabulary and structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.she was more_____ than frightened.
[a] surprising [b] interested [c] hated [d] surprised
2. the attention of the public was continually ______ to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge.
[a] applied [b] drawn [c] referred [d] thrown
3. few, _____ any, live their lives without some degree of unhappiness and suffering.
[a] like [b] except [c] if [d] when
4. many women are too concerned _____ staying thin and they believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.
[a] at [b] in [c] for [d] to
5. in education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute ____ effective thinking and wise judgment.
[a] at [b] in [c] for [d] to
6. _____ the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.
[a] in line with [b] in terms of [c] in accordance with [d] in proportion to
7. air travel is so quick nowadays that we can leave london after breakfast and arrive in new york _____ eight hours.
[a] in [b] for [c] after [d] until
8. it is also true that the effect of a drug is much _____ upon youngsters than adults.
[a] in [b] fewer [c] after [d] until
9. because the reading _____ in most college courses are very heavy, students should plan to read every day.
[a] assignments [b] schedules [c] activities [d] programs
10. for long-time efficiency and happiness it is best to observe the ____ of health and sound working conditions.
[a] principles [b] ideas [c] elements [d] factors
ii. cloze test (10 points, 1 points for each)
下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
although american informality (不拘礼节) is well known , many new visitors think that it indicates a "lack of respect." this is especially true in the business world. americans often use first names _11_ meeting a stranger and do not always shake hands. they often just smile and say "hi" or "hello," _12_ than using a more formal hand shake. it is good to remember that to an american such an informal greeting really means the _13_ thing as a more formal hand shake someplace else. _14_, americans do not usually give a special "farewell" or hand shake to each person when they leave a party or business meeting. they will often just wave good-bye to the whole group or perhaps say, "well, so long everybody, i'll see you tomorrow." they then will leave. _15_ hand shakes.
americans seem _16_ totally hurried and hard working or totally informal and at ease. often you will see men working at office desks _17_ their suit coats and ties. they may lean far back in their chairs and even put their feet up on the desk _18_ they talk on the united states should therefore understand that being in a great _19_ dies not indicate unfriendliness and being informal and at ease does not show a lack of respect. americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor. in _20_ you will learn these new ways.
11. [a] upon [b] for [c] as [d] at
12. [a] more [b] better [c] rather [d] other
13. [a] such [b] some [c] same [d] whole
14. [a] similarly [b] however [c] therefore [d] especially
15. [a] some [b] then [c] so [d] no
16. [a] both [b] all [c] either [d] neither
17. [a] with [b] without [c] in [d] on
18. [a] while [b] where [c] which [d] because
19. [a] worry [b] trouble [c] pride [d] hurry
20. [a] time [b] case [c] turn [d] vain
iii. reading comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
passage one
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
the economic costs of noise to society are several. airports are currently operating at less than capacity because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. for instance, at washington's national airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 pm to 7 am. other airports restrict the use of certain runways. one estimate is that noise restrictions reduce possible airport use by 20 percent. the profitable cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions.
in the case of airports, jet engines may be modified to reduce their noise level, or insulation (隔音) from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. one estimate is that ＄5.7 billion would be required to equip all existing jet engines with noise control devices. however, considering the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to acceptable values. some combination of methods is probably necessary.
if all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a number of economic benefits. an increase in airport capacity would occur. property values near airports might ruse. transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population centers.
much research still needs to be done on the economic aspects of noise reduction and noise effects. although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. furthermore, the cost of noise pollution to the economy as a whole needs to be investigated.
the public must be alerted to the dangers and economic costs of noise pollution so that people may make intelligent choices and exert appropriate pressures.
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21. there is no jet traffic at washington's national airport from 11 pm to 7 am because _____.
[a] it is extremely dangerous to fly in the dark
[b] noise regulations restrict the hours of airport operation
[c] some of its runways are not in good condition
[d] cargo planes produce disturbing noises
22. "the current state of the art" (in para.2) means ______.
[a] a developed sense of beauty
[b] the volumes of present-day traffic
[c] the most recently developed technology
[d] insulation of air traffic noise
23. noise reduction could lead to_____.
[a] increased airport capacity
[b] lower property values
[c] effective modification of existing jet engines
[d] more transportation costs to and from airports
24. what is not mentioned in the passage?
[a] psychological strain.
[b] handling capacity of cargo.
[c] measures for noise reduction.
[d] public pressures.
25. the author of the passage is concerned primarily with _____.
[a] the effects of noise on the quality of life
[b] the role of air traffic restrictions
[c] the production of quieter engines
[d] the economic aspects of noise reduction
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passage two
questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
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during a state of deep relaxation, several physiological changes take place in the body: the body's oxygen consumption is reduced; the heart beat decreases; muscle tension and sweating ease, and there is decreased sympathetic (交感的) nervous system activity. this restful state not only allows the body to repair and restore itself, but it has a calming effect on the consciousness.
how to achieve this state of relaxation, however, is a matter of opinion, and in some medical circles, a matter of controversy (争议). a recent report by dr. david holmes of the university of kansas in the journal "american psychologist" said that simply sitting in an armchair has just as many beneficial characteristics for the body as meditation (冥想) does. researchers of other relaxation techniques disagree. these experts believe that more structured techniques, such as meditation, lead to a condition of deep relaxation.
the debate goes on., but one thing appears to be clear: the relaxation response can be reached by a number of methods, and the methods themselves are not as important as getting there. one day, one method may work best; on another day, an alternative method may be more appropriate. once you are aware of all the methods, you can find the one that works best doe you.
some of the relaxation techniques are meditation, autoanalysis (自我心理分析) and progressive muscle relaxation response than just sitting quietly in a chair, they have the added benefit of structure and discipline, and for these reasons appear to be more effective for most individuals.
26. according to the passage, which of the following statements is not true when a person is in a state of deep relaxation?
[a] the body takes in less oxygen.
[b] the heart beats less frequently.
[c] muscles become tense and the body sweats easily.
[d] the consciousness becomes more or less calmed.
27. people seem to agree that ____.
[a] sitting in an armchair benefits a person as meditation does
[b] structured relaxation techniques are more beneficial for a person
[c] to achieve a state of deep relaxation is possible through various means
[d] what people are all struggling for is a state of deep relaxation
28. in the third paragraph, the phrase "getting there" means _____.
[a] arriving at one's destination
[b] getting what one wants most
[c] finding out a suitable relaxation technique
[d] reaching a state of deep relaxation
29. as far as relaxation is concerned, the author indicates that _____.
[a] aims are more important than means
[b] means are more important than aims
[c] more and more people are interested in relaxation techniques
[d] some relaxation techniques are better than others
30. the author's attitude toward relaxation discussed in the passage is best described as ______.
[a] subjective [b] objective [c] optimistic [d] critical
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passage three
questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
people seldom feel neutral about poetry (诗). those who love it sometimes give the impression that it is an adequate substitute for food, shelter, and love. it isn't. words, no matter how satisfying, are never an equivalent for life itself and its human experiences. those who dislike poetry on principle sometimes claim, on the other hand, that poetry is only words and good for nothing. that's not true either. it is easy to become frustrated by words-in poetry or in life-but when words represent and recreate genuine human feelings, as they often do in poetry, they can be very important. poetry is, in fact, more than just words. it is an experience of words, and those who know how to read poetry can easily extend their experience of life, their sense of what other people are like, their awareness of themselves, and their range of human feelings.
one reason poetry can be so important is that it is so closely concerned with feelings. poetry is often full of ideas, too, and sometimes poems can be powerful experiences of the mind, but most poems are primarily about how people feel rather than how people think. poems provide, in fact, a language for feeling, and one of poetry's most insistent merits involves its attempt to express the inexpressible. how can anyone, for example, put into words hat it means to be in love or what it feels like to lose someone one cares about? poetry tries, and it often captures exactly the shade of emotion that feels just right to a reader. no single poem can be said to express all the things that love or death feels like, or means, but one of the joys of experiencing poetry occurs when we read a poem and want to day, "yes, that is just what it is like; i know exactly what that line means but i've never been able to express it so well." poetry can be the voice of our feelings even when our minds are speechless with grief or joy.
31."peopke seldom feel neutral about poetry" (in para.1) in this context means that _____.
[a] few people think that poetry is neutral
[b] people always differ in their views about poetry
[c] people rarely take a biased opinion about poetry
[d] people generally think of poetry as extremely important or totally useless
32. the author suggests that _____.
[a] poetry tends to make the reader disappointed
[b] poetry makes its readers sentimental
[c] poetry is more important than words
[d] poetry often captures real human feelings
33. according to the author, poetry _____.
[a] is more than just words
[b] is the poets' feelings about words
[c] is anything but patterns of lines
[d] is an experiment on the use of words
34. poetry tries, persistently, to express ______.
[a] what love and death mean
[b] what people think about themselves
[c] what people feel but find it hard to describe
[d] how people go through life
35. this passage is mainly about ______.
[a] the structure of poetry
[b] the components of poetry
[c] the nature and importance of poetry
[d] the appreciation of poetry
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part two
iv. word spelling (10 points, 1point for two words)
将下列汉语单词译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一个字母已在答题纸上给出。首字母后的每条短线上只写一个字母。
36.护照 37.目标 38.邮费 39.海洋 40.削弱
41.月亮的 42.检查，视察 43.集体宿舍 44.债务 45.基本的
46.内容 47.熟悉的 48.慷慨的 49.邀请 50.发明者
51.菜单 52.明显的 53.不论如何，不顾 54.智慧 55.女主人
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v. word from (10 point, 1 point for each)
将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
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56. a man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ______ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
57.some proverbs _______ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, a friend in need is a friend indeed.
58. anyone ______ (want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.
59. the nations that _____ actively ______ (involve) in earthquake prediction programs include japan, china, russia, and the united states.
60. it is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes _____ (control) his direction.
61. in 1991, after the gulf war, bush's approval rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling _______ (begin) in the 1930s.
62. as research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals _______ (use) in experiments may decrease.
63. seeing violence one television or reading about it in the newspapers every day _____ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
64. the _______ (far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes.
65. they demanded that the right to vote ______ (give) to every adult person.
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vi. translation from chinese into english (15 points, 3 points for each)
将下列各句译成英文并将答案写在答题纸上。
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66.快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。
67.一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。
68.据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。
69.机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？
70.几年前被认为不可能实施的手术现在许多医院都能做。
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vii. translation from english into chinese (15 points)
将下类短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
if you only need to travel a short distance, the quickest way to travel in most cities is on foot. during working hours the traffic is very heavy on most city streets, sometimes coming to a complete stop in places. as a result, many people prefer to walk. you should therefore be aware of some of the traffic laws. it is against the law in many cities to cross the street at any place except at the corner. you should not cross the street unless there is a green traffic light facing in the direction you plan to cross. in small towns, these rules may not be followed as closely, because the traffic is usually not so heavy. however, the purpose of the laws is to provide for the safety and protection of the people. obeying traffic signals is especially important if you come from a left-hand drive country. remember to look both ways for automobiles when you cross the street.
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二０００年下半年全国高等教育考试
英语(二)试卷参考答案及评分标准
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i. vocabulary and structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
1.d 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.a 10.a
ii. cloze test (10 points, 1 point for each)
11.a 12.c 13.c 14.a 15.d 16.c 17.b 18.a 19.d 20.a
iii. reading comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
21.b 22.c 23.a 24.a 25.d 26.c 27.c 28.d
29.a 30.b 31.d 32.d 33.a 34.c 35.c
iv. word spelling (10points, 1 point for two words)
[参考答案]
36. passport 37. target 38. postage 39.ocean 40.weaken
41. lunar 42. inspect 43. dormitory 44. debt 45. basic
46. content 47. familiar 48. generous 49.invite 50.inventor
51.menu 52.obcious 53. regardless 54. wisdom 55.hostess
[评分标准]
第iv部分每2题1分，共10分。错1题不扣分，错3题扣1分，错5题扣2分，依此类推。多写、的少写或写一个或一个以上的字母均为错。
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v．word from (10 points, 1 point for each)
[参考答案]
56. doing 57. have been 58. wanting 59. are ...involved
60.to control 61.began 62.used 63.makes
64.farther 65. (should) be given
[评分标准]
第v部分每题1分，共10分。语法错或拼写错均不给分。
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vi. translation from chinese into english (15 points, 3 points for each)
[参考答案]
66. the effects of rapid travel on the human body are much greater than we realize.
67. the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is.
68. the patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die.
69. in what fields will robots take over human tasks?
70. operations that were considered impossible a few years ago can now be performed in many hospitals.
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[平分标准]
第vi部分每句3分，共15分。评分原则为：
(1) 主要语法错误(如动词时态、的语态、的虚拟语气、的主谓一致、的否定、的疑问以及其他句型错误)或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
(2) 非基本语法错误(如介词、的代词、的冠词、的大写、的标点等错误)以及不影响基本句意的用词错误两处扣1分。
(3) 拼写错误每错两处扣1分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过3分。
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vii．translation from english into chinese (15 points)
如果你只走短距离的路程，在大多数城市里最快捷的办法是步行。在上班时间，大多数城市的街道交通都很拥挤，有些地方有时完全阻塞。结果，许多人宁愿步行。因此，你应该注意某些交通法规。许多城市除路口外，随处横过马路是违法的。你应当等到对面亮起绿色交通灯时，再过马路。在小市镇，因为交通通常没有那么拥挤，可能不那么严格遵守这些规则。不过交通法规的目的是为大家提供安全保护。如果你是来自靠左边行驶的国家，就尤其要遵守交通信号。记住过马路时，要注意左右两边的车辆。
[评分标准]
第vii部分共15分。评分原则为：
短文英译汉的评分标准按译文质量分为15—13分、的12—10分、的9—7分、的6—4分和3—1分五个档次。各档次标准如下：
(1)15—13分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。
(2)12—10分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺，但有少数语句翻译错误。
(3)9—7分。全文不少于一半的内容翻译基本正确，汉语表达通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。
(4)6—4分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。
(5)3—1分。仅译对个别句子。
(6)全文译错或只译出零星单词或全文未译，不给分。
(7)缺译的语句按完全译错处理。
根据以上评分档次描述，评分可在相应的档次上下浮动。