公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(九)构词法
分类: PETS公共英语
(九)构词法1.概念及种类:英语单词的构成有一定的规律,这些规律叫构词法。主要有四种:合成、转化、派生和缩略。常见的是前三种。见下图。 种类 构成方法 例词 合成 由两个或两个以上的词合成为一个词 Classroom,newspaper,blackboard Schoolmate,newly-born,hard-working 转化 由一词类转化为另一词类 taste,answer,back,hand,empty 派生 在词根上加前缀或后缀 care,careful,carefully careless carelessness carelessly 2.高中阶段主要构词方法归纳:派生法和合成法(1)派生法①常用前缀 表“否定” un- unfair unable unlikely in- impossible incapable dis- discover disagree dislike dishonest 表“重复” re- rewrite retell repeat reconsider ②常用后缀 类型 加法 后缀意义 例词 名 词 后 缀 -er/or -tion -ese -ist -ing -ment -ness -ian “动作的执行者” 变成了名词 “…地方的人” “人” 名词化 名词化 变为名词 变为“…的人” teacher visitor inventor organization congratulation invention Chinese Japanese pianist scientist violinist living greeting wedding movement treatment happiness illness sickness carelessness Australian 动 词 后 缀 -ify -ice -ise -en 使…变… beautify realise organise sacrifice lengthen strengthen 形 容 词 后 缀 -able -ful -y -ive -al -an 可…的,能…的 充满…的 带有…的 有…特征的 属于…的 …的 suitable comfortable movable beautiful careful useful sunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,salty active,instructive musical medical physical American European Australian -ly 副词后缀 carefully really certainly 数 词 后 缀 -teen 表“十三至十九” fourteen fifteen nineteen -ty 表“二十、三十…七十” forty sixty eighty -th 表“第几” fourth sixtieth ninth (2)合成法:police+man=policeman play+ground=playground birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however what+ever=whatever