1.动词的概念及种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按在句中的功用分为以下四种：

类别

用法及意户

例词

例句与说明

实

义

动

词

及物动词（vt.）

表动作或状态，有完整词义，后接宾语，能单独作谓语

like, enjoy,

watch, want

She likes watching TV.

Do you enjoy listening to music?

不及物动词(vi.)

表动作或状态，有完整词义，后接宾语，能单独作谓语

rise, come, arrive, happen

That story happened last year.

When did Tom arrive?

连系动词

本身有词义，但须与表语一起构成谓语

表示“是”，“仍是”

be, stay, remain

She remains a teacher.

表“变得”

become, get, grow, fall, go,turn

It’s getting warm.

表“听/看/闻/摸/尝 起来”

sound / look / smell / feel / taste

That sounds a good idea.

It tastes delicious.

表“似乎”,“好象”

seem,appear

He seems all right.

助动词

本身无意义不单独作谓语

谓语动词是单独的行为动词，在一般现在时/过去时的句中帮助构成否定或疑问

Do, Does, Did(位于句首构成一般问句)

Does he speak English?

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn’t.

Hedoesn’t speak English.

don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于谓语动词前来表否定)

Jane didn’t go to school yesterday.

与doing连用构成进行时

be (not) doing

She is doing her homework now.

与done连用构成被动语态

be done

The tree was planed last year.

与done连用构成完成时

have / has / had done

She has gone back.

后接动词原形构成将来时

will/ shall do

I shall do it.

情态动词

本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，与主要动词原形一起表示说话人的语气，情态，没有人称、数的变化。

表“能够”

can/could(没其他形式)

be able to(有各种时态与形式)

Jane could swim when she was six.

I’ll be able to speak French next year.

表“许可”

may(较正式)

can(口语)

You may smoke here.

“can’t”不可以；“may not”不可以

表“请求许可”

can/could(用于一、二人称)

may/might(用于第一人称)

Can you help me?

May I help you?=Can I help you?

表“可能”

can/could

may/might(不用于问句)

“can’t”只用于否定

“may not / might not”不可能

表“必须”

must

have to(可有各种时态)

“mustn’t”意为“不可以”，表禁止

“don’t/doesn’t have to”意为“不必”

表“应该”

should,ought to有义务

be supposed to

shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该

are not supposed to不应该

表“一定”

must

Tom must be late.

表“需要”

need

作情态动词时常用于否定句，疑问句或条件从句

作行为动词时，常用于肯定句

表“敢”

表“请求指示”

dare

shall I / we / he…？

—“Shall I open the door”?

—“Sure,please.”

Where shall we meet?

表“向对方提出请求”

Will / Would you please?

—“Will you please open the door?”

—“Sure.”

询问对方的意思

Would you like to…?

—“Would you like to try one more.”

—“No,thank you.”

表说话人的意愿

shall

You shall be back at ten。

“命令、允诺、强制”等，用于二、三人称

He shall obey the rules.

表“意愿”，用于各人称

will/would

I will answer the phone.

表“过去常常习惯于”

used to

过去曾有的动作/状态；过去的习惯，此时相当于would；表次数时不用。

would

表过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语；表过去的次数时不用。

表“祝愿”

may

May you succeed.

2．动词的基本形式及变化规则如下表：

情况/形式

原形

现在分词

过去式

过去分词

一般情况

talk

加-ing

talking

加-ed

talked

加-ed

talked

以e结尾

remove

去e加-ing

removing

加-d

removed

加-d

removed

以辅音字母加-y结尾

carry

加-ing

carrying

改y为i加-ed

carried

改y为i再加-ed

carried

以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词

stop

双写结尾辅音字母加-ing

stopping

双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed

stopped

双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed

stopped

以s,x,sh,ch[tF]结尾的词

watch

加-ing

watching

加-ed

watched

加-ed

watched

以ie结尾的词

tie

改ie为y再加-ing

tying

加-d

tied

加-d

tied