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综合辅导:GRE类比分类大全(一)

分类: GRE-GMAT英语 
1.个体组成团体的关系一个集合体的名词和一个表示个体的名词放在一起,由多个个体可以组成一个集合体,如choir和singer,cast和actor,orchestra和instrumentalist,flock和birds,school和fish,herd和cattle,soldier和army,colony和bacterium,armada和vehicle,fusillade和projectiles,barrage和explosives,gravel和pebble,nation和citizen.有时需考虑这个个体在组成团体时的规律性及团体自身的特点,如matrix和number只能对应crystal和atom而不能对应gas和molecule.再如tile组成mosaic,stitch组成sampler,还有array和number,formation和soldier.2.人和其特点的关系(1)人和其性格特点的正/反面关系正面,如:zealot和fervor,altruist和self1essness,partisan和allegiance,diplomat和tact,inventor和ingenuity,coward和craven,dupe和credulous,acrobat和agility,boor和insensitive,loner和solitary,surgeon和dexterity,blowhard和boastfu1,toady和obsequious,supplicant和humility,adversary和resistance,recluse和withdrawn,bigot和biased,wag和humorous,dolt和stupid.反面,如:maverick和conformity,stickler和approximation,purist和adulteration,heretic和orthodoxy,poseur和sincerity,recluse和gregariousness,coward和brave,philanthropist和selfish,neophyte和experience,boor和sensitivity,yokel和sophistication.(2)人和其行为的正/反面关系正面,如:proctor和supervise,prodigal和squander,conspirators和collusion,juggernaut和crush,quisling和betray,foragers和grazing,hunter和stalking,faultfinder和criticize,arbitrator和mediate,instigator和incite,bully和browbeat.反面,如:extrovert和reserve,miser和spend.有时需注意动作的作用对象的区分,如ascetic和indu1ge只能对应libertine和restrain而不能对应benefactor和stint.(3)人及其追求的目标:hedonist和pleasure,recluse和privacy,ascetic和self一control.(4)人及其必然拥有的特点:pundits和authoritativeness,expert和expertise,pest和irksome.(5)人及其过分拥有的特点:gourmand和appetite,miser和thrifty,chauvanist和patriotism,querulous和complain.3.事物及其正/反面特点正面:whim和capricious,fact和objective,synopsis和condensed,plant和herbaceous,trees和arborea1,orchestra和instrumenta1,labyrinth和tortuous,ornament和decorative,gadfly和annoying,stealth和furtive,caprice和whimsica1,bombast和pompous,tirade和critical.反面:chance和inevitable,invention和insipid,imagination和prosaic,gaucherie和urbane,melodrama和subtlety,chimera和authenticity.4.程度比较(一般说来,两个单词的词性是相同的)(1)形容词的程度比较:一般比较简单,两个单词修饰同一个方面,但在程度上有所差异。如g1aring和bright,deafening和loud,minuscule和smal1,saturated和moist,obvious和perceptible,crucial和relevant,agog和interested,fanatic和devoted.但有时也比较复杂,如rapacious和covetous,prude和proper,paranoid和suspicious,ido1atrous和devoted,zealous和enthusiastic,stygian和dark,abysmal和1ow.有时会夹杂褒贬类比,如:attentive和officious,refined和snobbish,receptive和gullible,frugal和penurious,compliant和obsequious,talkative和garrulous,sweet和cloying,confident和arrogant.(2)动词的程度类比可分两种:一种是这个动作在表示动作主体的态度的强烈程度上的差异,如:complain和carp,indulge和mollycoddle,instruct和goad,tend和fuss,reproach和upbraid,1ike和dote,suggest和urge;另一种是动作本身激烈程度或造成结果的强烈程度上的差异,如:drink和guzzle,embarrass和mortify,glimmer和dazzle,warm和sear,involve和entangle,trickle和gush,gnaw和nibble,quaff和sip,gobble和nibble,suffuse和tint,wander和amble,enrage和irk.(3)名词的程度比较,也可分为两类。一类是具体名词的程度比较,也可以叫同类物质的大小的比较,如twig和1imb,pebb1e和boulder,quibble和objection,foible和flaw,figurine和colossus,storm和hurricane,fire和inferno,tiff和quarrel,minutiae和details,elapse和error,nuance和distinction,inkling和indication.另一类是抽象名词的程度比较,两者在态度的强烈程度上或结果的严重程度上有差异,如:admonishment和castigation,irreverence和blasphemy,confusion和delirium,unconsciousness和coma,peccadillo和sin,ecstasy和pleasure,surprise和astonishment,pride和hubris.5.直接修饰一个adj和一个n放在一起,这个adj可以对这个n做出某些限定。如redolent和smel1,前者表示了后者的一种好的性状,此类关系中对应选项的特点也应是adj可对n进行限定,并且此adj应和题干中的adj的上下对应很工整,如褒贬的对应,简单/复杂状态的对应等。所以做这类题的关键是要大家对于这两个adj有一种正确的感觉。如:1aconic和speech对应austere和design,articulate和speech对应graceful和movement,volatile和temper对应ready和wit,frenetic和movement对应fanatical和belief,fetid和smell对应ug1y和appearance.抽象名词也可修饰名词的特点,如stridency和sound对应garishness和appearance,此时抽象名词的特点的上下对应是找到答案的关键。

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