牛津实用英语语法 314 间接引语中的时间及地点表达法
A 表示时间的副词及副词短语的变化:
例句如:
‘I saw her the day before yesterday,’he said.
他说:“我是前天看到她的。”相当于:
He said he′d seen her two days before.
他说他是两天前看到她的。
‘I′ll do it tomorrow,’he promised.
他答应道:“这件事我明天就做。”相当于:
He promised that he would do it the next day.
他答应第二天就做这件事。
‘I′m starting the day after tomorrow,mother,’he said.
他说:“妈妈,我后天动身。”相当于:
He told his mother that he was starting in two days′time.
他告诉他妈妈他两天后动身。
She said,‘My father died a year ago.’
她说:“我爸爸一年前去世了。”相当于:
She said that her father had died a year before/the previous year.
她说他父亲在前一年去世了。
B 但如果说话和转述发生在同一天,则不必作时间上的改变:
At breakfast this morning he said,‘I′ll be very busy today.’
今天早餐时他说:“今天我会很忙。”相当于:
At breakfast this morning he said that he would be very busy today.
今天早餐时,他说他今天会很忙。
C 如果在说话的一两天之后才转述,当然要作合乎逻辑的修正。如星期一杰克对汤姆说:
I′m leaving the day after tomorrow.
我打算后天动身。
如果汤姆在第二天(星期二)转述这句话,他会说:
Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
杰克说他打算明天动身。
如果汤姆在星期三转述这句话,他可能会说:
Jack said he was leaving today.
杰克说他打算今天动身。
D here 可能转述为there,但所指的是什么地方必须要很清楚才可这样用:
At the station he said,‘I′ll be here again tomorrow.’
在火车站他说:“我明天还会来这儿。”相当于:
He said that he′d be there again the next day.
他说他第二天会再到那儿去。
通常here需用某种适当的短语来代替:
She said,‘You can sit here,Tom.’
她说:“汤姆,你可以坐在这里。”相当于:
She told Tom that he could sit beside her etc.
她告诉汤姆他可以坐在她的旁边等等。
但是He said,‘Come here,boys’(他说:“到这儿来,孩子们”)一般转述为:
He called the boys.
他叫孩子们来。