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牛津实用英语语法 314 间接引语中的时间及地点表达法

分类: 英语学习方法 

A 表示时间的副词及副词短语的变化:

牛津实用英语语法 314 间接引语中的时间及地点表达法

例句如:

‘I saw her the day before yesterday,’he said.

他说:“我是前天看到她的。”相当于:

He said he′d seen her two days before.

他说他是两天前看到她的。

‘I′ll do it tomorrow,’he promised.

他答应道:“这件事我明天就做。”相当于:

He promised that he would do it the next day.

他答应第二天就做这件事。

‘I′m starting the day after tomorrow,mother,’he said.

他说:“妈妈,我后天动身。”相当于:

He told his mother that he was starting in two days′time.

他告诉他妈妈他两天后动身。

She said,‘My father died a year ago.’

她说:“我爸爸一年前去世了。”相当于:

She said that her father had died a year before/the previous year.

她说他父亲在前一年去世了。

B 但如果说话和转述发生在同一天,则不必作时间上的改变:

At breakfast this morning he said,‘I′ll be very busy today.’

今天早餐时他说:“今天我会很忙。”相当于:

At breakfast this morning he said that he would be very busy today.

今天早餐时,他说他今天会很忙。

C 如果在说话的一两天之后才转述,当然要作合乎逻辑的修正。如星期一杰克对汤姆说:

I′m leaving the day after tomorrow.

我打算后天动身。

如果汤姆在第二天(星期二)转述这句话,他会说:

Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.

杰克说他打算明天动身。

如果汤姆在星期三转述这句话,他可能会说:

Jack said he was leaving today.

杰克说他打算今天动身。

D here 可能转述为there,但所指的是什么地方必须要很清楚才可这样用:

At the station he said,‘I′ll be here again tomorrow.’

在火车站他说:“我明天还会来这儿。”相当于:

He said that he′d be there again the next day.

他说他第二天会再到那儿去。

通常here需用某种适当的短语来代替:

She said,‘You can sit here,Tom.’

她说:“汤姆,你可以坐在这里。”相当于:

She told Tom that he could sit beside her etc.

她告诉汤姆他可以坐在她的旁边等等。

但是He said,‘Come here,boys’(他说:“到这儿来,孩子们”)一般转述为:

He called the boys.

他叫孩子们来。

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