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牛津实用英语语法 313 间接引语中的代词与形容词

分类: 英语学习方法 

A 代词和所有格形容词一般由第一人称或第二人称转化为第三人称,除非说话者转述的就是自己的话:

He said,‘I′ve forgotten the combination of my safe.’

他说:“我忘了我保险柜的密码了。”相当于:

He said that he had forgotten the combination of his safe.

他说他忘记了他保险柜的密码了。

I said,‘I like my new house.’

我说:“我喜欢我的新房子。”相当于:

I said that I liked my new house.

我说我喜欢我的新房子。(说话者转述的是自己的话)

有时为避免意义上的混淆不清,必须将代词改变成名词:Tom said,‘He came in through the window’(汤姆说:“他是从窗户进来的”)这句话一般不能像下面那样转述:Tom said he hadcome in through the window(汤姆说他是从窗户进来的)。 这种转述方法意思可能指汤姆自己是通过窗户进来的。如果在这里将代词改变为相应的一个名词,就不会混淆了:Tom said that the man/burglar/cat etc.had come in…(汤姆说那个男人/入室窃贼/猫等是从……进来的)。

代词的变化会引起动词的变化:

He says,‘I know her.’

他说:“我认识她。”相当于:

He says he knows her.

他说他认识她。

He says,‘I shall be there.’

他说:“我将在那里。”相当于:

He says that he will be there.

他说他将在那里。

B this和these

this如用于表示时间,通常转述为that:

He said,‘She is coming this week.’

他说:“她这个星期来。”相当于:

He said that she was coming that week.

他说她那个星期来。

但是,this和that不表示时间而当形容词用时,转述时用the:

He said,‘I bought this pearl/these pearls for my mother.’

他说:“这颗/这些珍珠是给我母亲买的。”相当于:

He said that he had bought the pearl/pearls for his mother.

他说这颗/这些珍珠是给他母亲买的。

this,these作代词用时可转述为it,they/them:

He showed me two bullets.‘I found these embedded in the panelling,’he said.

他把两颗子弹头拿给我看。“我发现这两颗子弹头嵌在护壁板里,”他说。相当于:

He said he had found them embedded in the panelling.

他说他发现这两颗子弹嵌在护壁板里。

He said,‘We will discuss this tomorrow.’

他说:“我们明天讨论这件事。”相当于:

He said that they would discuss it/the matter the next day.

他说他们要在第二天讨论它/那件事。

this,these(形容词或代词)可以用于表明选择,或用于把一些东西与另一些东西区别开来。这时用the one(s)near him等来转述,或可以把话换一个方法说清楚:

‘I′ll have this(one),’he said to me.

他对我说:“我要这个。”相当于:

He said he would have the one near him./He pointed to/touched/showed me the one he wanted.

他说他要靠近他的那一个。/他把他想要的那个指/摸/拿给我看。

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