第四章 民事法律行为和代理 第一节 民事法律行为 

Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts 

第五十四条 民事法律行为是公民或者法人设立、变更、终止民事权利和民事义务的合法行为。 

Article 54 A civil juristic act shall be the lawful act of a citizen or legal person to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations. 

第五十五条 民事法律行为应当具备下列条件： 

Article 55 A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements: 

（一）行为人具有相应的民事行为能力； 

(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct; 

（二）意思表示真实； 

(2) the intention expressed is genuine;  

（三）不违反法律或者社会公共利益。 

and (3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest. 

第五十六条 民事法律行为可以采取书面形式、口头形式或者其他形式。 

Article 56 A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form.  

法律规定是特定形式的，应当依照法律规定。 

If the law stipulates that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation shall be observed. 

第五十七条 民事法律行为从成立时起具有法律约束力。 

Article 57 A civil juristic act shall be legally binding once it is instituted.  

行为人非依法律规定或者取得对方同意，不得擅自变更或者解除。 

The actor shall not alter or rescind his act except in accordance with the law or with the other party's consent. 

第五十八条 下列民事行为无效： 

Article 58 Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void: 

（一）无民事行为能力人实施的； 

(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct; 

（二）限制民事行为能力人依法不能独立实施的； 

(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a person with limited capacity for civil conduct; 

（三）一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下所为的； 

(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of cheating, coercion or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the other party; 

（四）恶意串通，损害国家、集体或者第三人利益的； 

(4) those that performed through malicious collusion are detrimental to the interest of the state, a collective or a third party; 

（五）违反法律或者社会公共利益的； 

(5) those that violate the law or the public interest; 

（六）经济合同违反国家指令性计划的； 

(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory plans;  

（七）以合法形式掩盖非法目的的。 

and (7) those that performed under the guise of legitimate acts conceal illegitimate purposes. 

无效的民事行为，从行为开始起就没有法律约束力。 

Civil acts that are null and void shall not be legally binding from the very beginning. 

第五十九条 下列民事行为，一方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更或者撤销： 

Article 59 A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts: 

（一）行为人对行为内容有重大误解的； 

(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents of the acts; 

（二）显失公平的。 

(2) those that are obviously unfair. 

被撤销的民事行为从行为开始起无效。 

Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning. 

第六十条 民事行为部分无效，不影响其他部分的效力的，其他部分仍然有效。 

Article 60 If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity of other parts.

第六十一条 民事行为被确认为无效或者被撤销后，当事人因该行为取得的财产，应当返还给受损失的一方。 

Article 61 After a civil act has been determined to be null and void or has been rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall return it to the party who suffered a loss.  

有过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受的损失，对方都有过错的，应当各自承担相应的责任。 

The erring party shall compensate the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share of the responsibility. 

双方恶意串通，实施民事行为损害国家的、集体的或者第三人的利益的，应当追缴双方取得的财产，收归国家、集体所有或者返还第三人。 

If the two sides have conspired maliciously and performed a civil act that is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party. #p#分页标题#e#

第六十二条 民事法律行为可以附条件，附条件的民事法律行为在符合所附条件时生效。 

Article 62 A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional civil juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.