爱思英语编者按：近日来，马航失联航班牵动着无数人的心。发生空难时，应如何自救？澳大利亚教授盖里尔经过多年研究，总结出6条自救黄金法则。或许能在紧急情况下助你脱险。

The keys to survival
空难自救黄金6法则

Since 1985, Australian professor Ed Galea has pored over interviews with 2,000 survivors of 105 plane crashes, analyzing their behavior, searching for the keys to survival.
自1985年起，来自澳大利亚的艾德·盖里尔教授研究了105次坠机事件2000多名幸存者的受访记录，通过行为分析总结出6条黄金自救法则。

1. Traveling with your family
别与家人分开

If you are traveling in a family group, you should insist that the airline does not separate you throughout the aircraft. Why? It`s only natural that if you`re involved in that sort of situation that you`re going to want to reunite the group before you evacuate. If you do that it`s going to cause havoc.
如果你与家人一同乘坐航班旅行，那么你应该坚持让航空公司将你与家人的座位安排在一起。这样做的原因是：一旦发生某种突发状况需要疏散，你会本能地想要和家人共进退。而一旦你这样做就会引发混乱。

2. The seat belt
学会解安全带

How do you undo your seat belt in your car? You press a button. In a plane, you lift a latch. If you can`t undo your seat belt then, you can`t evacuate and your chances of survival plummet.
你如何解开汽车上的安全带？答案很简单：按下按钮便可。而在飞机上，你需要打开插销才能解开安全带。如果你不能正确地解开安全带，那么你就无法逃生，生还机会也会十分渺茫。

3. Does it matter where you sit?
距离逃生口近

Sit within seven rows of an exit and count exactly how many rows you are from the nearest two exits. Count so that you can find an exit in the dark. And why two exits? Because the nearest exit to you might not be "viable."
幸存者逃生时要走的平均距离均为7排座位，所以，你要选择在这个范围内就坐。你还要数一下距离最近的两个逃生出口有多少排座位，以便在黑暗中也能找到出口。为什么要选两个逃生出口呢？因为距离你最近的出口不一定可用。

4. Facing backward
背朝飞行方向

We would all be safer if airline seats faced backward. But the difficulty with this is that the majority of the traveling public doesn`t like traveling with their back facing the direction of travel.
如果飞机的座位都是面向后的，乘客会更加安全。但问题是，大部分乘客都不愿意背对着飞行方向。

5. Fire
带上防烟头罩

"Smoke contains toxic gases, narcotic gases. It contains irritant gases. If you inhale enough of them you will die," explains Galea. He carries a smoke hood but warns that if you`re going to follow his example you must learn how to use it. Otherwise you`ll waste time trying to put it on — time that could be used for making an exit.
“烟雾含有有毒麻醉气体，并带有强烈刺激性。过多吸入将导致死亡。”盖里尔教授解释道。他在旅行中会携带一个防烟头罩，但他警告说，想像他这样，就要学会如何使用该头罩。否则会为戴上它而耽误你逃生的最佳时机。

6.Final Thought
听乘务员讲解

Listen to the preflight briefing by the flight attendants and read the safety card. Be prepared. And if you`re about to crash, do adopt the brace position -- head down, ankles behind knees. The brace position is one of the most important things a passenger should take on board when they fly, it`s designed to reduce your chances of being knocked unconscious during a heavy impact.
登机后要认真听取乘务员的讲解，并阅读安全须知。发生坠机前，要采取防冲击姿势：收小腿至膝盖垂线以内，头部向前倾，尽量贴近膝盖。防冲击姿势是乘客要学会的一个重要方法，它可以减少被撞击昏迷的风险。