上一讲中我们介绍了两个重要的国际组织：International Monetary Fund－国际货币基金组织和 World Trade Organisation－世界贸易组织。来源：www.examda.com

这两个在二次大战期间和之后相继成立的国际组织为稳定世界经济秩序发挥了重要的作用。但是澳广金融节目主持人巴里克拉克说，战后的国际经济也有它的黑暗面：

While the IMF and the GATT, created during and after World war II, were part of the explanation for trade expansion and income growth in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, there was a darker side to the post-war international economy.

Problems began to develop with the international financial system, caused, in large part, by the failure of countries experiencing fundamental balance of payments problems to devalue or revalue their currencies.

Also, the US dollars which had been in scarce supply in the 1940s became all too available in the 1960s, to the point at which the world was 'awash with dollars'. The dollar's value vis a vis other currencies was now being challenged.

It was essentially this challenge to the core currency which led to the breakdown of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system in the period 1971 to 1973.

巴里克拉克在谈话中用了这样几个词：来源：www.examda.com

1 devalue 贬值
2 revalue 调整币值
3 vis-a-vis 相比来源：www.examda.com
4 awash with dollars 美元泛滥

下面我们分段听一遍他的这段谈话和中文翻译：（英文略）

尽管在二次大战期间和之后成立的国际货币基金组织及关贸总协定是二十世纪五十、六十及七十年代贸易扩展和收入增加的原因之一，战后的国际经济也有它更黑暗的一面。国际金融系统开始出现问题，大部分是由于那些国际收支平衡出现重大问题的国家没能将其货币贬值或或对币值作重新调整。另外，在四十年代供不应求的美元到了六十年代就变得供过于求，甚至到了美元在整个世界泛滥的地步。美元与其它货币的比值现在受到了挑战。正是这种对核心货币的挑战导致了布雷顿森林固定汇率制在1971到1973年的垮台。

现在我们再听一遍巴里克拉克的这段谈话原文。（略）来源：www.examda.com

澳大利亚昆士兰大学经济系教授托尼梅金接下来谈了国际货币基金组织功能上的变化：