12年12月四级阅读：真题长难句解析（2）

4、举例作为插入语（显著词such as; for example; including etc.）

插入语主要起补充或说明的作用，我们在进行快速阅读的时候通常会把它省略，即忽略不看。但是，笔者在这里要提出的一点是，如果根据文章问题回原文定位句子时，如果定位的关键句子包含了以上插入语中的任何一种形式，则答案往往就在此处。例如：

原文：Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

考题： Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of

A. instrumental support B. informational support

C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect

（1）Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. （2005.1）

翻译：普通感冒患者的一些典型症状，如鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉咙发痒，发作比较缓慢，成人和青少年患者一般不会有发热症状。

（2）And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. （2005.1）

翻译：一般来说，流感症状包括发烧、发冷、喉咙发痒、浑身疼痛，比普通感冒的症状来得突然和猛烈。

☆注意：举例有时可以换成短语，如介词短语、不定式短语等等；还可以换成有两个破折号引起的插入语成分。例如：

It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and jounals and to producing video materials on ASL and deaf culture—is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.(2004.6)

时间过了37年。现在Stoloe致力于撰写和编辑关于美国手语和聋哑人文化的书籍和杂志，以及制作相关的录像材料

5、并列句连用使得句子变长（主谓宾都可以并列）

并列句是四级阅读理解中的主要句式。出题人会把几个成分相同的并列句子，通过剔除多余成分从而使其合并为一个很长的句子

解决方法：破解这样句子的关键是要弄清楚两个句子的逻辑关系，补全成分后重新还原为几个单独的句子即可。例如：

To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. (2004.6)

翻译：对政府来说，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到过外事办的批准，并且她事实上非常了解安哥拉的形势和英国政府关于地雷的政策。

相当于拆分成三个句子：

(1) To make matters worse for the government

(2) It soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.

(3) It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.

6、多重复合句叠加

所谓多重复合句叠加，就是说一个长句子当中可能包含了好几种句式（并列的定语从句、状语从句、介词短语等等）。

解决方法：分清主从句，理清句子逻辑关系至关重要。通常采用图表法。例如：

（1）Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (2006.1)

结构图：

★①——☆①

○——○——

★②——☆②

说明：

○——○=then there is the general, all covering apology

★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act

★②= and which the person should promise never to do again

☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting

☆②= Who is apologizing

显然，原句子是由有there be引导做主句，后面跟了两个which 引导的定语从句，两者是并列的。比较特殊的是which定语从句中有各自有一个定语从句，像是一个连环套。

分解为以下几个句子：

1.Then there is the general, all covering apology

2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act

3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting

4.And which the person

5.Who is apologizing

6.Should promise never to do again

翻译：

1.然后就有了一种一般意义的、无所不包的道歉

2.这种道歉避免了一种指明特别行为的必要性

3.特别是让人伤心或者令人委屈的行为

4.这种道歉使得人们

5.道歉的人们

6.承诺以后不再犯类似的行为

句子整合翻译：然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉，这种道歉避免了一种指明特别让人伤心、特别令人委屈的、道歉者应该保证以后不会再犯的具体行为。