1.While in the past universities have often focused on student social life and attractions of the university town in recruitment campaigns, they are now concentrating on more tangible（实在的）attractions, such as employment prospects, engagement with industry, and lecturer contact hours, making clear exactly what students are going to get for their money.

句的剖析 

句子主干：…they are now concentrating on more tangible attractions…

成分分析：

①While引导比较状语从句。

②such as…hours做宾补。

③making…for their money是现在分词作结果状语。其中what引导的名词性从句作making的宾语。

词的讲解 

attraction       n. 吸引力，吸引人的事物

recruitment    n. 招聘

campaign       n. 运动，宣传活动

prospect        n. 前景，前途

句的翻译 

过去，大学在招生活动中常常把关注的重点放在学生的社交生活和大学城的吸引力上；而现在则关注一些更切实的吸引力，如就业前景、与行业的密切程度以及与导师的交流时间，明确说明学生交了学费后将会得到什么。

2.After being dogged by technical delays for years, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic’s founder, had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers as soon as February 2015.

句的剖析 

句子主干：Sir Richard Branson…had recently suggested that…

成分分析：

①After being dogged by technical delays for years是时间状语，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语，从而形成after doing的结构。

②Virgin Galactic’s founder是Sir Richard Branson的同位语，解释说明理查德·布兰森爵士的身份。

③that引导的从句作suggested的宾语，因此that引导的是一个宾语从句。

④paying是现在分词作定语修饰customers。

词的讲解 

dog    v. （问题或噩运）长期困扰，紧随

            【例】a dog’s life 苦难的生活

craft   n. 航天器，宇宙飞船

句的翻译 

数年来一直困扰于技术延误的维珍银河公司创始人理查德·布兰森爵士，近来表明“太空船2号”飞行器最快将于2015年2月载运其第一批付费乘客。

3.Kapur points out that while the model adopted by many teachers when introducing students to new knowledge-providing lots of structure and guidance early on, until the students show that they can do it on their own-makes intuitive sense, it may not be the best way to promote learning.

句的剖析 

句子主干：Kapur points out that…

成分分析：

①  本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。在主句中，主语是Kapur，谓语是points out，宾语是that引导的宾语从句。

②  宾语从句的主干是while the model…makes intuitive sense…, it may not be the best way to promote learning.在该宾语从句中，有一个while引导的让步状语从句。

③  adopted by many teachers为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰model。

④  when introducing students to new knowledge为时间状语从句，说明谓语动词adopted发生的时间。

⑤  两个破折号之间的成分为方式状语，补充说明while引导的让步状语从句。

词的讲解 

guidance    n. 指导

intuitive     adj. 直觉的

adopt        v. 采取，采用

句的翻译 

Kapur指出，很多老师向学生讲述新知识时，最开始都会给学生提供大量的知识框架和指导，指导学生能独立完成。虽然这种模式从直观上看似乎有道理，但并不是促进学习最好的方式。