All dairy products made before September 14 must be pulled off the shelves to be tested for melamine, a chemical blamed for killing four babies and sickening more than 54,000, according to a government notice made public yesterday.

"Regardless of the brand or the batch, all products made before that date must be taken off the shelves and their sale must be stopped," said the notice jointly issued over the weekend by six central government departments including the Ministry of Health and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ).

The AQSIQ press office told China Daily yesterday the cut-off date was set for September 14 because the central government already requires every batch of dairy product made after that date to undergo melamine checks before entering the market.

The notice said the pre-September 14 products could be sold again only after they pass quality tests and are labeled as safe.

It is the first time the government has issued a blanket recall of products since the contamination scandal broke on September 11, and the aim, the notice said, is to "ensure all products on the market are safe for consumption".

Baby formula products must be sent to testing centers designated by provincial quality control departments, while tests on other products such as powdered milk for adults and liquid milk can be conducted by other testing agencies or the manufacturers themselves, the notice said.

The AQSIQ also announced yesterday that the latest round of tests on 154 batches from 51 brands of powdered milk products, including infant formula, showed them to be safe for melamine content. Melamine is often used in plastics but is banned in the food industry. It can make milk appear high in protein in quality tests, but can cause kidney problems if consumed.

The AQSIQ said tests have shown all powdered and liquid milk products made after September 14 are safe.

About 100 of 756 batches of powdered milk products and 24 of 1,202 batches of liquid milk made prior to that were found contaminated.

As a result of the notice, few liquid milk products made before September 14 were sold in Beijing yesterday.

"All liquid milk products made before September 14 have been pulled off our shelves," said Chen Ran, a sales manager of the Wu-Mart branch in Chaoyang district.

Zhang Yongjun, another sales manager of the branch, said sales of dairy products had dropped by two-thirds in the first few days after the scandal broke, but customers were recently beginning to buy them again.

Meanwhile, some media organizations have reported that parents of at least two babies who died after being fed tainted milk food had filed compensation lawsuits against the manufacturers.

However, lawyers have suggested that judicial departments consider class action lawsuits because of the huge number of victims involved.

"Individual lawsuits can achieve justice for some, but more will choose to give up because of high costs or other reasons," Liu Junhai, a law professor at Renmin University of China, was quoted by Nanfang Weekend as saying.

"Individual lawsuits will also waste judicial resources and may take a long time to resolve."
Questions:

1. Why are government agencies ordering milk products that were made before September 14 off the shelves?

2. Where are the tests for infant formula products done?

3. Why are lawyers suggesting judicial departments consider class action lawsuits?

Answers:

1. So that they can be tested for melamine.

2. In testing centers designated by provincial quality control departments.

3. Because there is such a large number of victims involved that individual lawsuits can be too costly, waste judicial resources, and take a long time to resolve.