三级阅读辅导：阅读理解的复习方法
分类: 大学四六级英语
六级考试大纲对阅读理解题的要求为：既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系；既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隐含的意思；既能理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。在复习备考过程应注意以下方法：
培养良好的阅读习惯
这里主要强调读者要始终以一种积极的心态去阅读。我们阅读的目的是获取知识信息，了解他人对有关问题的态度和看法，所以阅读时我们应培养对新的知识信息的自觉的敏锐感，对作者的观点和态度进行批判性的分析；跟上作者的写作思路，从已读的部分可以预知作者下面要讲的内容；辨别文章中哪些是作者的论点，哪些是事实和论据。只要我们平时能养成这样的阅读习惯，就不会被淹没在作者所呈现的各种事实和材料中；考试时就能应付各种类型的问题；也就能够更加有意识地略过那些自己不甚明了但不影响基本阅读任务的完成的部分。
广泛涉猎，了解有关背景知识
阅读理解试题在某种程度上不仅仅是对考生英语语言水平的考查，同时也是对考生知识面及知识结构的考查。如有些考生对短文中的词汇和语法结构基本上都知道了，但是对其真正的涵义即隐含的意思却模棱两可，似懂非懂，做题目时便举棋不定。这主要是对短文的背景知识不了解，甚至一窍不通的结果。所以考生在平时应广泛阅读，特别是一些自己比较生疏的领域，如某些科技知识等。如果考生对背景内容比较熟悉，读起来就比较顺利，对文章的理解也比较透彻，做起题目也会得心应手。再如本考题中有推测文章来源的题目，则需要考生有一定的文体知识，如演讲、社论、新闻、书评、教科书、科技论文等的内容特点和语言特点。总之，广泛涉猎，了解一些背景知识，既有助于增加语感，增强对短文的理解，又有助于提高阅读的速度。
防止“题海”战术，注意提高阅读速度和解题技巧
考生在平时练习时应把握好测试时间，最好按略高于考试要求的速度即70wpm进行练习
在解题时考生还应注意题型，对于不同的题型应采取不同的解题思路和技巧。如：
a. 主旨题。其命题方式中含有“main idea, subject, purpose”等词，做这种题时，主要是看篇章中的主题句或者是从篇章的结构着手，利用自己的推理能力，对文章的信息进行分析，从而归纳总结出主题。
b. 推理题。通过对文字表面的认识，把握住推理范围，利用相关部分提供的事实、背景知识和常识，保持正确的思维过程和遵循严格的逻辑规律，从而做出正确的选择。
c. 作者语气、态度、观点型。判断作者的观点和态度主要是通过说话的语气、文章的措词、文体 等，同时也应注意语篇中的修辞。
对于细节问题，应首先找到它的考查点，然后根据它的命题规律答题。这类题的题干+答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容，也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干+答案与原文等值。所用的方法大致有释义，使用同义词、反义词或词组，利用词汇的同现、复现、以及句式和语态的转换等等。干扰项要么与文章中的事实或观点截然相反，要么与文章所述的事实或观点部分不符，要么在文章中根本没有涉及。总之，题目不在于做的“多”，而在于做的“精”，“精”就精在阅读速度和解题技巧。
做题前应先用扫描法弄清问题的类型及出题角度，再带着问题看短文，注意与问题有关的信息词及与问题有关的段落范围。
Part IIReading Comprehension (35 minutes)
¨ Passage One
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a king of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is "intelligent". Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.
If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D-Nervous Break Down.
"Intelligent" people do not have N.B.D.'s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how your choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans weknow; also, the most rare.
26. According to the author, the conventional notions of intelligence measured in terms of
one's ability to read, write and compute______.
A) is a widely held but wrong concept
B)will help eliminate intellectual prejudice
C) is the root of all mental distress
D)will contribute to one's self-fulfillment
27. It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree_______.
A) may result in one's inability to solve complex real-life problems
B) does not indicate one's ability to write properly worded documents
C) may make one mentally sick and physically weak
D) does not mean that one is highly intelligent
28. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows__________.
A) how to put up with some very prevalent myths
B) how to find the best way to achieve success in life
C) how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile
D) how to persuade others to compromise
29. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that___________.
A) difficulties are but part of everyone's life
B) depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
C) everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
D) good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
30. According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?
A) Those who don't emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.
B) Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.
C) Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B.
D.'s.
D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying
circumstances.
参考答案：
26.A27.D 28.C29.A 30.B
培养良好的阅读习惯
这里主要强调读者要始终以一种积极的心态去阅读。我们阅读的目的是获取知识信息，了解他人对有关问题的态度和看法，所以阅读时我们应培养对新的知识信息的自觉的敏锐感，对作者的观点和态度进行批判性的分析；跟上作者的写作思路，从已读的部分可以预知作者下面要讲的内容；辨别文章中哪些是作者的论点，哪些是事实和论据。只要我们平时能养成这样的阅读习惯，就不会被淹没在作者所呈现的各种事实和材料中；考试时就能应付各种类型的问题；也就能够更加有意识地略过那些自己不甚明了但不影响基本阅读任务的完成的部分。
广泛涉猎，了解有关背景知识
阅读理解试题在某种程度上不仅仅是对考生英语语言水平的考查，同时也是对考生知识面及知识结构的考查。如有些考生对短文中的词汇和语法结构基本上都知道了，但是对其真正的涵义即隐含的意思却模棱两可，似懂非懂，做题目时便举棋不定。这主要是对短文的背景知识不了解，甚至一窍不通的结果。所以考生在平时应广泛阅读，特别是一些自己比较生疏的领域，如某些科技知识等。如果考生对背景内容比较熟悉，读起来就比较顺利，对文章的理解也比较透彻，做起题目也会得心应手。再如本考题中有推测文章来源的题目，则需要考生有一定的文体知识，如演讲、社论、新闻、书评、教科书、科技论文等的内容特点和语言特点。总之，广泛涉猎，了解一些背景知识，既有助于增加语感，增强对短文的理解，又有助于提高阅读的速度。
防止“题海”战术，注意提高阅读速度和解题技巧
考生在平时练习时应把握好测试时间，最好按略高于考试要求的速度即70wpm进行练习
在解题时考生还应注意题型，对于不同的题型应采取不同的解题思路和技巧。如：
a. 主旨题。其命题方式中含有“main idea, subject, purpose”等词，做这种题时，主要是看篇章中的主题句或者是从篇章的结构着手，利用自己的推理能力，对文章的信息进行分析，从而归纳总结出主题。
b. 推理题。通过对文字表面的认识，把握住推理范围，利用相关部分提供的事实、背景知识和常识，保持正确的思维过程和遵循严格的逻辑规律，从而做出正确的选择。
c. 作者语气、态度、观点型。判断作者的观点和态度主要是通过说话的语气、文章的措词、文体 等，同时也应注意语篇中的修辞。
对于细节问题，应首先找到它的考查点，然后根据它的命题规律答题。这类题的题干+答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容，也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干+答案与原文等值。所用的方法大致有释义，使用同义词、反义词或词组，利用词汇的同现、复现、以及句式和语态的转换等等。干扰项要么与文章中的事实或观点截然相反，要么与文章所述的事实或观点部分不符，要么在文章中根本没有涉及。总之，题目不在于做的“多”，而在于做的“精”，“精”就精在阅读速度和解题技巧。
做题前应先用扫描法弄清问题的类型及出题角度，再带着问题看短文，注意与问题有关的信息词及与问题有关的段落范围。
Part IIReading Comprehension (35 minutes)
¨ Passage One
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a king of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is "intelligent". Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.
If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D-Nervous Break Down.
"Intelligent" people do not have N.B.D.'s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how your choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans weknow; also, the most rare.
26. According to the author, the conventional notions of intelligence measured in terms of
one's ability to read, write and compute______.
A) is a widely held but wrong concept
B)will help eliminate intellectual prejudice
C) is the root of all mental distress
D)will contribute to one's self-fulfillment
27. It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree_______.
A) may result in one's inability to solve complex real-life problems
B) does not indicate one's ability to write properly worded documents
C) may make one mentally sick and physically weak
D) does not mean that one is highly intelligent
28. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows__________.
A) how to put up with some very prevalent myths
B) how to find the best way to achieve success in life
C) how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile
D) how to persuade others to compromise
29. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that___________.
A) difficulties are but part of everyone's life
B) depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
C) everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
D) good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
30. According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?
A) Those who don't emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.
B) Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.
C) Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B.
D.'s.
D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying
circumstances.
参考答案：
26.A27.D 28.C29.A 30.B