the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.

英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。

the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.

迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。

"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.

1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。

gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.

盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。

the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。

lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.

铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。内含银。

china clay: the deposits of china clay in cornwall are of great economic value.

瓷土：康沃尔的瓷土沉淀带来了巨大的经济价值。