专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套二十二
Test Twenty?Two???
近义词辨析?
edge, border, rim, verge?
这组词皆有“边,边缘”之意。?
edge
通常指某物一边的边线、两个平面的交界线以及各种界线,其引申含义表示两个处于不同性质或状态之间的明显界线,特指处在不利状态下的边缘。?
border
意为“边界,边境,国境”,也可以指装饰周边的“边”。?
rim
意思是“边,边缘”,尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。?
verge
特指道路、花坛等长着草的“边缘”。?
verge常用于on the verge of 这一固定搭配中。如:?
This is the north edge of the field.这是这块地的北边线。?
The plane flew across the border.飞机飞越了边境。?
He wears a pair of spectacles with gold rims.他戴一副金丝边眼镜。?
She was on the verge of speaking out the secret.她差点儿把秘密说出来。??
brief, concise, condensed, short?
这组词均含有“简明,简洁”的意思。?
brief和short
同义,往往就时间、事件、写作、说话而言,表示暂时的、简短的、简洁的。”?
concise
指某人的言语或文体只用少量文字传达了大量信息。?
condensed
有“凝炼”之意,即被压缩的。?
short
是最普通的词,既可指时间,也可指空间。?
如:?
I left him a brief note.我给他留了一个便条。?
Most of Bacon’s essays are concise.培根的多数小品文都很简洁。?
This news story is condensed.这篇新闻报道被压缩了。?
His answer was short and to the point.他的回答简明扼要。
全真模拟试题?
1. ?____? a fine day, we decided to go for a picnic.?
A. Having beenB. BeingC. WhatD. It being?
2. He came to know that the knowledge from books can be useful only ?______? it is linked with practice.?
A. asB. whenC. whileD. for?
3. ?____?, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser.?
A. Hard although a diamond is ?
B. As a diamond is hard?
C. Hard as a diamond is?
D. How hard is a diamond?
4. Silk, printing, paper, the compass and powder originated in China, and ?____? introduction in the west had far?reaching effects.?
A. theseB. theirC. thoseD. its?
5. The problem is believed ?____? at the meeting two days ago.?
A. to have discussed?
B. to have been discussed?
C. being discussed?
D. having been discussed?
6. Ultrasonic sounds produce pulsed signals ?____? various defects in metal can be detected.
A. for whichB. of which ?
C. as a result of whichD. by means of which?
7. In computer programming, this model is ?____? to any of the others we have ever had.?
A. more superiorB. the more superior?
C. the most superior D. superior?
8. The introduction of the coal pulverizing system in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant vastly reduces the time it took ?____?.?
A. to mill the coalB. milling the coal ?
C. for milling the coalD. while milling the coal?
9. Some members suggested ?____? a party for the visitor, but the Chairman didn’t approve.?
A. to arrangeB. arrange?
C. arrangingD. to be arranging?
10. If the maid comes today, please have her ?____? my shirts.?
A. washedB. washingC. to washD. wash?
11. ?____? racial problems have not been solved and full equality has not been attained yet, progress in these directions has been quite remarkable.?
A. SinceB. AlthoughC. Now thatD. Before?
12. ?____? they are alarmed at the interference with the natural balance of the environment, and its possible consequences.?
A. All in all B. After all?
C. Above allD. In all?
13. Rumor ?____? it that the man has been nominated many times for the Nobel Prize.?
A. hasB. spreadsC. carriesD. learns?
14. Just because I’m ?____? to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without giving me any respect.?
A. redundantB. versatileC. trivial D. subordinate?
15. In our society, a wedding invitation is also an ?____?invitation for a gift.?
A.ingeniousB. intelligibleC. implicitD. inclusive?
16. The strong scent of Kate’s perfume ?____? the air in the small room.?
A. radiatedB. permeatedC. extractedD. dispersed?
17. An atom bomb would ?____? a city.?
A. destroyB. damageC. spoilD. wreck?
18. The climate here is pleasant. It is ?____? all the year round.?
A. dampB. humidC. moistD. wet?
19. The room is partly ?____? with a few old chairs.?
A. providedB. decoratedC. beautifiedD. furnished?
20. If Karl were more ?____? about her voice, she would never sing outside of the shower.?
A. punctualB. practicalC. sensitiveD. objective?
21. Renewing my driver’s licence today is ?____?. Otherwise, the licence will expire at midnight.?
A. imaginativeB. feasibleC. imperativeD. empirical?
22. For those with poor eyesight, large print ?____? reading.?
A. facilitatesB. rectifiesC. reinforcesD. magnifies
23. Nancy complained about the ?____? air?conditioner she bought from the department store.?
A. inefficientB. deficientC. ineffectiveD. defective?
24. ?____? the large amount of time devoted to listening every day, most college students do not listen effectively.?
A. HoweverB. IfC. DespiteD. Even?
25. If we continue to argue over minor points, we won’t get ?____?near a solution.?
A. anywhereB. somewhereC. elsewhereD. nowhere
试题答案与解析??
1. D)【句意】天气很好,我们决定出去野炊。?
【难点】现在分词经常用作句子状语,本句的原因状语采用现在分词表示的独立主格结构,由于主句和从句的主语不一致,故在作状语的现在分词之前加了逻辑主语it。?
2. B)【句意】他逐渐认识到,书本上的知识只有与实践相结合才能有用。?
【难点】as 作连词时,一般意为“正当…时候”。 While作连词时,一般连接的两个动作同时或几乎同时发生。when意为“当…时候”,前加only是为强调,only when是一习惯组合。?
3.C)【句意】虽然钻石坚硬,但用激光很容易就能在上面钻孔。?
【难点】由although引导的让步状语从句,可以换成由as引导的倒装句形式,句型一般为adj(adv 或n)+as +主语+谓语。其他三个选项不表达让步意义。?
4. B)【句意】丝绸,印刷,纸张,指南针和火药源于中国,它们的引进给西方造成了深远的影响。?
【难点】该句考查名词和物主代词的指代关系。?
5. B)【句意】这一问题肯定在两天之前的会议上讨论过。?
【难点】跟在believe,think, consider 等词后面作主语补足语的成分一般为动词不定式。?
6. D)【句意】超声波能产生脉冲信号,通过这些信号就能检测出金属中的各种缺陷。?
【难点】for which表示目的;of which 表示所属;as a result of which相当于表示由其引导的定语从句与其所修饰的主句构成因果关系;by means of 意为“通过(某种方式)”。?
7. D)【句意】在计算机编程中,这种模块比我们所有的其他模块都好。?
【难点】be supeiror to 意为“优越于,好于”。该短语本身就表示比较级,所以它表示“比…好”时不再需要加任何修饰。?
8. A)【句意】大亚湾核电站引进的磨煤系统大大减少了过去粉碎煤所需的时间。?
【难点】take some time to do sth表示“做某事花…时间”。?
9. C)【句意】有些委员建议为来访者安排一次聚会,但主席对此予以否决。?
【难点】suggest当“建议”讲时,其后的动词应该采用动名词形式,类似的动词还有: finish (完成),avoid(避免),mind(在意)等。?
10. D)【句意】如果服务员今天来,请让她给我洗洗衬衫。?
【难点】用have, make 或let表达“让某人做某事”时,要求后跟不带to的动词不定式短语作宾补。?
11. B)【句意】虽然种族问题还没有得到彻底解决,完全的平等还没有得到实现,但这些方面所取得的进步是值得称道的。?
【难点】although意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句;since 意为“因为;既然”;now that意为“现在已经…;既然已…”;before long意为“不久”,不是连词,不能带从句。?
12. C)【句意】更重要的是,他们对人们干扰生态平衡的行为以及可能产生的后果表示震惊。?
【难点】above all 意为“更重要的是,尤其”;all in all 意为“总而言之,总的说来”;after all 意为“毕竟,终究”; in all 意为“全部,总共,总计”。?
13. A)【句意】传说那个人多次得到诺贝尔奖提名。?
【难点】rumor has it that …是一个固定句式,意为“传言…,传说…”,其中it为无人称代词。其它三个词不能在本句中形成固定搭配。?
14. D)【句意】只是因为我隶属老板,他就认为他可以对我招之即来,挥之即去,不尊重我的人格。?
【难点】subordinate意为“下级的,次要的;隶属的”,后接to;redundant意为“累赘的,多余的,重复的”;versatile意为“多才多艺的,有多方面才能的”;trivial意为“琐碎的;无足轻重的”。?
15. C)【句意】在我们的社会,婚礼请柬也是一种要求送礼的含蓄的表达方式。?
【难点】implicit 意为“不言自明的;含蓄的”;ingenious意为“聪明的,有发明天才的”;intelligible意为“可理解的;明白易懂的”;inclusive意为“包括的,包含的”。
16. B)【句意】凯特香水的浓浓香气弥漫了小屋。?
【难点】permeate意为“漫布,遍布,弥漫”;radiate意为“辐射,发散;传播”;extract意为“(费力)取出,拔出”;disperse 意为“使散布,散发,传播”。?
17. A)【句意】一颗原子弹就会摧毁一座城市。?
【难点】destroy 意为“破坏,摧毁”;damage意为“损害,损坏”,指局部性的破坏;spoil意为“弄糟,破坏;溺爱”;wreck意为“弄坏(身体),使(计划)受挫”。?
18. C)【句意】这里的气候十分宜人,终年湿润。?
【难点】moist意为“微湿;湿润的”,为褒义词;damp意为“潮湿的,湿气重的”,为贬义词;humid意为“潮湿的,湿润的”,为中性词;wet意为“湿的,未干的”。?
19. D)【句意】这个房间里的家具包括几把旧扶手椅。?
【难点】furnish意为“为(房间)配备家具;provide意为“提供;供给”;decorate意为“装饰,装潢”;beautify 意为“使美起来,美化”。?
20. D)【句意】如果卡尔对她的嗓音的评价客观的话,那么她就不会刚洗完澡就唱了。?
【难点】objective意为“客观的”;punctual意为“准时的,按时的”;practical意为“实际的,实用的”;sensitive意为“敏感的,感觉灵敏的”,后接to。?
21. C)【句意】我的驾照必须今天就续办,否则,驾照会在半夜到期而无效。?
【难点】imperative意为“紧急的,必要的”;imaginative 意为“富于想象力的”;feasible 意为“可能的,可行的”;empirical意为“单凭经验的,经验主义的”。?
22. A)【句意】对那些视力较差的人,大写字体益于他们阅读。
【难点】facilitate意为“使便利,帮助”;rectify意为“纠正,矫正,改正,修订”;reinforce意为“增援;加强”;magnify意为“放大,扩大”。?
23. D)【句意】南希抱怨自己从百货商店买来的那部有缺陷的空调器。
?【难点】defective意为“有缺点的,有缺陷的,有毛病的”;inefficient意为“效率低的”;ineffective意为“无效的,不起作用的”;deficient意为“不足的,缺乏的”。?
24.C)【句意】尽管花了大量时间去练习听力,可大多数高校学生的听力还不尽人意。
?【难点】despite意为“不管,尽管”,是介词,后加名词;however意为“然而,无论怎样”,是副词,修饰形容词或全句;if是连词,带从句,表示条件;even意为“甚至,即使;更加”,是副词,修饰形容词。?
25. A)【句意】如果我们继续为小事纠缠不休的话,我们就不会找到任何解决问题的方法。?
【难点】get somewhere 意为“有进展,有结果”,get nowhere意为“无进展,无结果”,亦即not get anywhere。以上是习语性搭配,所有其他选项不合适。