2002年10月全国英语(一)试题
分类: 自考英语
PART ONE
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
1. There are only four areas _____ very many diamonds have been found.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
2. She decided to do ____ a lot of other girls were doing those days.
A. how B. why C. which D. what
3. Money provides a unit of account that serves _____ a standard to measure value.
A. as B. for C. in D. with
4. One way to preserve species _____ threat of extinction is to remove them to zoos and parks and breed them there.
A. for B. with C. underD. beyond
5. Regardless _____ which methods we choose, the end result will be the same.
A. aboutB. in C. for D. of
6. The burning of rainforests is directly _____ to the so-called greenhouse effect.
A. contributing B. attributing
C. constituting D. associating
7. Someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than turning his _____,is a true friend.
A. face B. head C. hand D. back
8. The expression "haste makes waste" does not _____ to reading.
A. affect B. apply C. adopt D. attend
9. Experiments have to be made under carefully _____ conditions.
A. treated B. supplied C. related D. controlled
10. The atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases _____ miles high.
A. hundreds B. hundreds of
C. of hundreds D. of hundreds of
Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each)
在下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
If we were asked what we were doing a year ago, we would probably have to say that we couldn't remember. But if we kept a book and had written in it an account of 11 we did each day, we should be able to give an answer 12 the question.
It is the same with history. Many things have been 13 because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did 14 a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes 15 was never any written record at 16 because the people of that 17 and place did not know 18 to write. For example ,we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who 19 after them. But we know almost 20 about the people who lived even 2,000 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write.
11. A. which B. that C. how D. what
12. A. to B. of C. for D. by
13. A. neglected B. disposed C. forgotten D. passed
14. A. keep B. remain C. set D. break
15. A. it B. that C. there D. this
16. A. last B. all C. least D. once
17. A. area B. kind C. condition D. time
18. A. when B. which C. whatD. how
19. A. followedB. lived C. studied D. bought
20. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
阅读下列短文，并从下列短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
Passage one
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several steps to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks.
The second stop is to practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these in your diary.
You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself.
21. In the author's opinion, the first thing to remember is ____.
A. to avoid making mistakes when speaking the language
B. to spend more time using the newly learned language
C. to believe you have the ability to learn a new language
D. to learn the second language with the help of your teacher
22. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Everybody may make mistakes when learning.
B. Keeping a diary will help you learn better.
C. Speaking should be emphasized.
D. Practice makes perfect.
23. The main function of the third step is ___.
A. to remind you of the mistakes you made in class
B. to help you think about your learning process
C. to help you understand the teacher better
D. to record how well you perform in class
24. In the last paragraph, you are advised ____.
A. to make a daily record of anything you plan to do
B. to enjoy learning English rather than any other languages
C. to take a positive attitude towards your language study
D. to believe that you are capable of doing anything you want to
25. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. There are ways to help you learn a second language easily.
B. Different people have different ways to learn English.
C. Language learners should write a learning diary.
D. It is important to learn a new language well.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
You may have the business qualifications(合格证明). You have an excellent record of good education and work experience. However, without good business manners you will not succeed.
Treating people with respect should be second nature to you. It helps you get on well with the people you work with and with your bosses. It always pays to be polite. Here are some tips to help improve your business manners.
If you are behind schedule, remember to take the time to contact your next appointment so that the person you are due to meet is aware of the delay. If necessary, you should rearrange the meeting for a more convenient time.
Try not to leave any caller on hold for too long. It is better to tell someone you will call back when you are free. Be sure to return calls as soon as you can. If you cannot return the call immediately, apologize(道歉) to the caller for the delay.
Try to respond to letters within a set time. Keep a record of requests for reply within a certain time. Make a note in your diary of other deadlines(最后期限)for your work. If you are unable to respond quickly, write a short letter to the other person to explain the delay and tell him when you will reply.
If you want to take a customer or a business friend out for lunch, you had better choose the restaurant and let your guest choose the time.
You may think that you are not being paid as much as you should be. Do not discuss the matter with your colleagues. A good way is to contact an employment agency to find out the 'going rate'. Armed with this objective information, you can discuss your salary with your boss.
26. What does the author emphasize for a person's success in business?
A. Business qualifications.
B. An excellent record of education.
C. Work experience.
D. Business manners.
27. What does the author mean by saying "It pays to be polite"?
A. You must be paid more money to be polite.
B. You have to pay for your training to be polite.
C. To be polite will eventually benefit you.
D. Customers pay for your being polite.
28. The word 'tip' used in sentence 4,paragraph 2, refers to _____.
A. a useful hint or idea
B. a pointed end of anything
C. a piece of secret information
D. a small amount of money given in return for a service
29. When you know you are going to be late for an appointment, you should ____.
A. inform the person you're meeting of your delay
B. leave the person a message telling him not to wait long
C. tell the person to postpone the meeting
D. apologize for taking the other person's time
30. If you think you are underpaid, it is suggested that you ___.
A. go directly to your boss and discuss the matter frankly
B. ask your colleagues secretly how much they earn
C. go to an employment agent to look for another job
D. get objective information about the job market first
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The journey two divers made some time ago to the very deepest point on the earth makes us realize how much of the world still remains to be discovered. The two men went down seven miles to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean inside a small steel ball to find out if there are any ocean currents or signs of life.
It was necessary to set out early, so that the ball would come to the surface in daylight, and be e easily found by the mother ship which would be waiting for it. The divers began preparations early in the morning and soon afterwards, when all was ready, the steel ball disappeared under the surface of the water.
The divers felt as if they were going down steps as they passed through warm and cold layers of water. In time, the temperature dropped to freezing point. They kept in touch with the mother ship by telephone telling how they felt. Then at a depth of 3,000 feet, the telephone stopped working and they were cut off from the outside world. All went well until some four hours later at 30,000 feet, the men were frightened by a loud, cracking noise: even the smallest hole in the ball would have meant instant death. Luckily, though, it was only one of the outer windows that had broken. Soon afterwards, the ball touched the soft ocean floor raising a big cloud of "dust" made up of small dead sea-creatures. Here, powerful lights lit up the dark water and the men were surprised to see fish swimming just above them quite untroubled by the great water-pressure. But they did not dare to leave the lights on for long, as the heat from them would make the water boil. Quite unexpectedly, the telephone began working again and the faint but clear voices of the divers were heard on the mother ship seven miles away. After a stay of thirty minutes the men began their journey up, arriving three hours later, cold and wet through, but none the worse for their experience.
31. A diver is a person _____.
A. who studies plants and animals living underwater
B. who works under water in a special dress
C. who usually hides himself inside a small steel ball
D. whose job is to drive underwater vessels
32. The purpose of the two divers' journey to the deepest point on the earth is ___.
A. to see if humans can stand the severe cold at the bottom of the ocean
B. to investigate which part of the Pacific Ocean is the deepest
C. to make sure that there are no signs of life in the great depths
D. to find out if there are any ocean currents or living creatures there
33. The telephone stopped working at a depth of 3,000 feet ____.
A. Where the warm and cold layers of water were divided
B. and thus the divers lost contact with their mother ship
C. and the temperature immediately dropped to freezing point
D. when a loud, cracking noise was suddenly heard inside the ball
34. The telephone began working again ___.
A. after the steel ball reached the bottom of the ocean
B. as soon as the divers went down to the depth of 30,000 feet
C. shortly after one of the outer windows had broken
D. just before the steel ball touched the soft ocean floor
35. On the ocean floor, the divers found that ______.
A. there was no life but small dead sea-creatures
B. fish were swimming as freely as they did near the surface
C. fish did not dare to come near the powerful lights
D. all the living creatures had a hard time under the high water-pressure
PART TWO
Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)
将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个词的词类、首字母和用短线表示的其余字母数均已给出。将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
36. 部落n. t_ _ _ _ 37. 发动机 n. e_ _ _ _ _
38. 四十num. f_ _ _ _ 39. 财产n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _
40. 离婚v. d_ _ _ _ _ _ 41. 正方形n. s_ _ _ _ _
42. 选举n. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 核心的a. n_ _ _ _ _ _
44. 轨道n. o_ _ _ _ 45. 典型的a. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
46. 器官n. o_ _ _ _ 47. 科学的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
48. 刺激v. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 合同n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
50. 宗教n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 呼吸v. b_ _ _ _ _ _
52. 猜测v. g_ _ _ _ 53. 频繁地ad. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
54. 抽烟v. s_ _ _ _ 55. 文学n. 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅴ. Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each)
将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56. In the 1720's,diamonds _______ (discover) in Brazil.
57. The primitive people thought that eating deer would make them _______(run) as fast as the deer.
58. Chunking consists of _______(group) separate bits of information.
59. Pronouns are used _______(save) the repetition of nouns.
60. They fought for national _______(free).
61. Stinging eyes and dry coughs show that _______(harm) chemicals fill the air.
62. The bride,_______(dress) in white, sat in a room alone.
63. The solutions to real problems cannot _______(see) in advance.
64. Work is said_______(do) when a body is made to move a distance.
65. Since_______(freeze) foods require so little time to cook, they have naturally become very popular everywhere in the country.
Ⅵ. C-E Translation(15 points, 3 points for each)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66. 如果你把这个数字和那个数字作比较，你会发现它们并不相等。
67. 那天她正是用这种方法掩盖自己的感情。
68. 有许多声音有意义但不是词。
69. 你能为这些现象找到合理的解释吗?
70. 他的沉默表明他对这个问题不感兴趣。
Ⅶ. E-C Translation (15 points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
When a young man starts to earn his own living, he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents; but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. He can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society.
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
1. There are only four areas _____ very many diamonds have been found.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
2. She decided to do ____ a lot of other girls were doing those days.
A. how B. why C. which D. what
3. Money provides a unit of account that serves _____ a standard to measure value.
A. as B. for C. in D. with
4. One way to preserve species _____ threat of extinction is to remove them to zoos and parks and breed them there.
A. for B. with C. underD. beyond
5. Regardless _____ which methods we choose, the end result will be the same.
A. aboutB. in C. for D. of
6. The burning of rainforests is directly _____ to the so-called greenhouse effect.
A. contributing B. attributing
C. constituting D. associating
7. Someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than turning his _____,is a true friend.
A. face B. head C. hand D. back
8. The expression "haste makes waste" does not _____ to reading.
A. affect B. apply C. adopt D. attend
9. Experiments have to be made under carefully _____ conditions.
A. treated B. supplied C. related D. controlled
10. The atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases _____ miles high.
A. hundreds B. hundreds of
C. of hundreds D. of hundreds of
Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each)
在下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
If we were asked what we were doing a year ago, we would probably have to say that we couldn't remember. But if we kept a book and had written in it an account of 11 we did each day, we should be able to give an answer 12 the question.
It is the same with history. Many things have been 13 because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did 14 a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes 15 was never any written record at 16 because the people of that 17 and place did not know 18 to write. For example ,we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who 19 after them. But we know almost 20 about the people who lived even 2,000 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write.
11. A. which B. that C. how D. what
12. A. to B. of C. for D. by
13. A. neglected B. disposed C. forgotten D. passed
14. A. keep B. remain C. set D. break
15. A. it B. that C. there D. this
16. A. last B. all C. least D. once
17. A. area B. kind C. condition D. time
18. A. when B. which C. whatD. how
19. A. followedB. lived C. studied D. bought
20. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
阅读下列短文，并从下列短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。
Passage one
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several steps to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks.
The second stop is to practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these in your diary.
You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself.
21. In the author's opinion, the first thing to remember is ____.
A. to avoid making mistakes when speaking the language
B. to spend more time using the newly learned language
C. to believe you have the ability to learn a new language
D. to learn the second language with the help of your teacher
22. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Everybody may make mistakes when learning.
B. Keeping a diary will help you learn better.
C. Speaking should be emphasized.
D. Practice makes perfect.
23. The main function of the third step is ___.
A. to remind you of the mistakes you made in class
B. to help you think about your learning process
C. to help you understand the teacher better
D. to record how well you perform in class
24. In the last paragraph, you are advised ____.
A. to make a daily record of anything you plan to do
B. to enjoy learning English rather than any other languages
C. to take a positive attitude towards your language study
D. to believe that you are capable of doing anything you want to
25. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. There are ways to help you learn a second language easily.
B. Different people have different ways to learn English.
C. Language learners should write a learning diary.
D. It is important to learn a new language well.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
You may have the business qualifications(合格证明). You have an excellent record of good education and work experience. However, without good business manners you will not succeed.
Treating people with respect should be second nature to you. It helps you get on well with the people you work with and with your bosses. It always pays to be polite. Here are some tips to help improve your business manners.
If you are behind schedule, remember to take the time to contact your next appointment so that the person you are due to meet is aware of the delay. If necessary, you should rearrange the meeting for a more convenient time.
Try not to leave any caller on hold for too long. It is better to tell someone you will call back when you are free. Be sure to return calls as soon as you can. If you cannot return the call immediately, apologize(道歉) to the caller for the delay.
Try to respond to letters within a set time. Keep a record of requests for reply within a certain time. Make a note in your diary of other deadlines(最后期限)for your work. If you are unable to respond quickly, write a short letter to the other person to explain the delay and tell him when you will reply.
If you want to take a customer or a business friend out for lunch, you had better choose the restaurant and let your guest choose the time.
You may think that you are not being paid as much as you should be. Do not discuss the matter with your colleagues. A good way is to contact an employment agency to find out the 'going rate'. Armed with this objective information, you can discuss your salary with your boss.
26. What does the author emphasize for a person's success in business?
A. Business qualifications.
B. An excellent record of education.
C. Work experience.
D. Business manners.
27. What does the author mean by saying "It pays to be polite"?
A. You must be paid more money to be polite.
B. You have to pay for your training to be polite.
C. To be polite will eventually benefit you.
D. Customers pay for your being polite.
28. The word 'tip' used in sentence 4,paragraph 2, refers to _____.
A. a useful hint or idea
B. a pointed end of anything
C. a piece of secret information
D. a small amount of money given in return for a service
29. When you know you are going to be late for an appointment, you should ____.
A. inform the person you're meeting of your delay
B. leave the person a message telling him not to wait long
C. tell the person to postpone the meeting
D. apologize for taking the other person's time
30. If you think you are underpaid, it is suggested that you ___.
A. go directly to your boss and discuss the matter frankly
B. ask your colleagues secretly how much they earn
C. go to an employment agent to look for another job
D. get objective information about the job market first
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The journey two divers made some time ago to the very deepest point on the earth makes us realize how much of the world still remains to be discovered. The two men went down seven miles to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean inside a small steel ball to find out if there are any ocean currents or signs of life.
It was necessary to set out early, so that the ball would come to the surface in daylight, and be e easily found by the mother ship which would be waiting for it. The divers began preparations early in the morning and soon afterwards, when all was ready, the steel ball disappeared under the surface of the water.
The divers felt as if they were going down steps as they passed through warm and cold layers of water. In time, the temperature dropped to freezing point. They kept in touch with the mother ship by telephone telling how they felt. Then at a depth of 3,000 feet, the telephone stopped working and they were cut off from the outside world. All went well until some four hours later at 30,000 feet, the men were frightened by a loud, cracking noise: even the smallest hole in the ball would have meant instant death. Luckily, though, it was only one of the outer windows that had broken. Soon afterwards, the ball touched the soft ocean floor raising a big cloud of "dust" made up of small dead sea-creatures. Here, powerful lights lit up the dark water and the men were surprised to see fish swimming just above them quite untroubled by the great water-pressure. But they did not dare to leave the lights on for long, as the heat from them would make the water boil. Quite unexpectedly, the telephone began working again and the faint but clear voices of the divers were heard on the mother ship seven miles away. After a stay of thirty minutes the men began their journey up, arriving three hours later, cold and wet through, but none the worse for their experience.
31. A diver is a person _____.
A. who studies plants and animals living underwater
B. who works under water in a special dress
C. who usually hides himself inside a small steel ball
D. whose job is to drive underwater vessels
32. The purpose of the two divers' journey to the deepest point on the earth is ___.
A. to see if humans can stand the severe cold at the bottom of the ocean
B. to investigate which part of the Pacific Ocean is the deepest
C. to make sure that there are no signs of life in the great depths
D. to find out if there are any ocean currents or living creatures there
33. The telephone stopped working at a depth of 3,000 feet ____.
A. Where the warm and cold layers of water were divided
B. and thus the divers lost contact with their mother ship
C. and the temperature immediately dropped to freezing point
D. when a loud, cracking noise was suddenly heard inside the ball
34. The telephone began working again ___.
A. after the steel ball reached the bottom of the ocean
B. as soon as the divers went down to the depth of 30,000 feet
C. shortly after one of the outer windows had broken
D. just before the steel ball touched the soft ocean floor
35. On the ocean floor, the divers found that ______.
A. there was no life but small dead sea-creatures
B. fish were swimming as freely as they did near the surface
C. fish did not dare to come near the powerful lights
D. all the living creatures had a hard time under the high water-pressure
PART TWO
Ⅳ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)
将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个词的词类、首字母和用短线表示的其余字母数均已给出。将完整的单词写在答题纸上。
36. 部落n. t_ _ _ _ 37. 发动机 n. e_ _ _ _ _
38. 四十num. f_ _ _ _ 39. 财产n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _
40. 离婚v. d_ _ _ _ _ _ 41. 正方形n. s_ _ _ _ _
42. 选举n. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 核心的a. n_ _ _ _ _ _
44. 轨道n. o_ _ _ _ 45. 典型的a. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
46. 器官n. o_ _ _ _ 47. 科学的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
48. 刺激v. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49. 合同n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
50. 宗教n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51. 呼吸v. b_ _ _ _ _ _
52. 猜测v. g_ _ _ _ 53. 频繁地ad. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
54. 抽烟v. s_ _ _ _ 55. 文学n. 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅴ. Word Form(10 points, 1 point for each)
将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56. In the 1720's,diamonds _______ (discover) in Brazil.
57. The primitive people thought that eating deer would make them _______(run) as fast as the deer.
58. Chunking consists of _______(group) separate bits of information.
59. Pronouns are used _______(save) the repetition of nouns.
60. They fought for national _______(free).
61. Stinging eyes and dry coughs show that _______(harm) chemicals fill the air.
62. The bride,_______(dress) in white, sat in a room alone.
63. The solutions to real problems cannot _______(see) in advance.
64. Work is said_______(do) when a body is made to move a distance.
65. Since_______(freeze) foods require so little time to cook, they have naturally become very popular everywhere in the country.
Ⅵ. C-E Translation(15 points, 3 points for each)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66. 如果你把这个数字和那个数字作比较，你会发现它们并不相等。
67. 那天她正是用这种方法掩盖自己的感情。
68. 有许多声音有意义但不是词。
69. 你能为这些现象找到合理的解释吗?
70. 他的沉默表明他对这个问题不感兴趣。
Ⅶ. E-C Translation (15 points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
When a young man starts to earn his own living, he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents; but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. He can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of seeing himself make steady progress in his job and of building up for himself his own position in society.