Translation   Conclusion
Unit 1 stories
1. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.
他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝, 留给他的是衰老和幻灭.

2. average height  普通高度 3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉 
4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄

5. ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.
朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调, 说明自己的身份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南, 怎样会见孙中山, 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝, 怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲.

6. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.
两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续, 在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员.

7. Chinese Communist Party
中国共产党

8. 两条要求, 忠实------内容,  通顺-------语言

9. Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government, Bill’s birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.
以中国官方客人的身份, 比尔来访中国已多次了, 而且在北京停留期间恰适他生日也有好几次了.

10. ‘ This is for you,’ Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation. Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River. He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.
“这是为你安排的.” 这句话比尔.莫诺听到过好几次, 每一次都令他难以忘怀. 有一次, 他沿大运河乘船顺水而下,途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬. 还有一次, 他参观雄伟的南京长江大桥------以前没桥时, 要靠轮渡托载火车横渡长江. 夜幕渐渐降临了, 他被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等候, 然后突然间, 整个桥身被灯光勾画出了一个清晰的轮廊.

11. The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sulliven, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.
在我的记忆里, 安妮.曼斯匪尔德.沙利文教师来的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子. 从这一天开始, 我的生活与以前迥然不同, 一想到这一点, 我就感到非常兴奋.

12. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.
那天下午,我一声不响, 怀着期待的心情站在门廊里.

13. Have you been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in ,and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. “ light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.
不知你是否有过这样的经历---在海上航行遇上了大雾,周围一片白,好像着实把你关在一个黑暗的地方,大船上的人又紧张又着急, 一面用铅锤探测深浅,一面向岸边慢慢驶去, 你的心也怦怦直跳,生怕出事. 我在开始受教育之前, 就像这样一条船, 只是没有罗盘, 没有测探绳, 也无法知道离海港有多远. “光明!给我光明!” 这就是发自我内心深处的无言的呼唤, 也就在这时候, 爱心的光芒照到了我的身上.

14. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.
有个人握住了我的手, 于是我被抱了起来, 紧紧地抈在了她的怀里. 正是她来到我的身边, 将一切展切在我面前, 更重要的是, 是她将爱带给了我.

15. monkey-like imitation.
猴子模仿似的

16. In the days that followed, I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk.
接下来的几天里, 我在根本不知自己在做什么样情况下,学会了拼好些单词, 比如PIN, HAT, CUP 及一些动词, 如SIT, STAND AND WALK.

17. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces, I tried vainly to put them together.
那是因为我正用一种刚刚获得的全新而奇特的视角来看待一切事物. 进屋时,我想起了被我弄坏的那个娃娃. 我摸索着来到壁炉前, 拾起那些碎片, 试图将它们拼接在一起, 却没办到.

18. it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.
当那感概万千的一天快要结束时, 我躺在自己的小床里, 感受这一天带给我的那些快乐, 我觉得没有人比我更幸福了. 一生中第一次,我期待着新一天的来临.

19. 一切旧的传统观念, 一切阻止社会进步和人性发展的不合理的制度.
All outmoded traditional thinking; any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.

20. 我觉得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心, 又觉得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的笔为自己伸冤一样.
I felt as if my mind was being whipped, as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.

21.另一个地方
On another occasion.

22. 长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹, 而我的文章就像一个丑八怪, 不打扮, 看起来倒还顺眼些.
Physically attractive people don’t need heavy make-up. Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.

22. 我最恨那些盗名欺世, 欺骗读者的谎言。
This means I oppose fabrication, deception and flowery language. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.

23. 就学习英语而言，有三个方面值得注意：拼法正确，合乎用法---一个词怎么用，和哪个词连用，很有讲究。句子平稳—合乎语法。

Unit2 HISTORY
1. The country was a place where men worked from dawn to dark, and the labourer lived not in the sun, but in poverty and darkness. What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial, like the mill, which was already ancient in Chaucer’s time. The industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. James Brindley of Staffordashire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village.
在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而在生活在贫困和黑暗之中，那么帮助减轻劳动的机械都不知从哪个年代就有了。比如磨坊，在乔叟的时候就已经是古老的了。而工业革命就是从这些机械开始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。斯塔福郡的詹姆斯。布林斯雷，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭；一七三三年，他十七岁，就着手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了他那自我奋斗的生涯。

2. in the air
酝酿之中

3.multi-purpose machine
多功能机器

4. Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines.
布林斯雷在为他的磨坊和矿井建筑工程到处奔走的时候，出于自愿和兴趣，对沿途经过的河道进行了勘察。

5. they often had little education, and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind.
他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上，当时那种学校教育也只能窒息人的创造性。

6. arteries of communication
交通的动脉

7. these things had been manufactured in villages which were growing into towns now, away from London; it was a country-wide trade.
这些物品都是在远离伦敦渐渐发展成为城镇的农村制造的。这是一场全国范围的贸易。

8．要从词汇，短语和结构三个方面去弄懂原文，但是光这样做还是不够的，还必须把握全篇。

9. It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions, of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the French Revolution that started in 1789. It may seem strange to put into the same pocket an industrial revolution and two political revolutions.
工业革命不是孤立的，它是当时三大革命之一，另外两次是美国革命和法国革命，分别始于1775年和1789年。将一次工业革命和两次政治革命相提并论，似乎有些奇。

10. cottage industry
作坊似的

11.what makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside.
工业革命特别具有英国特色是因为它植根于农村

12. During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventures.
18世纪上半期，也就是牛顿的晚年，皇家学会逐渐衰败的年代，英国仍享受着农村经济和商业冒险家从事的海外贸易带来的最后欢娱。

13. Eventually, though a few communities continued to be devoted almost exclusively to mining, the real wealth of Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, and California proved to be in the grass of soil.
后业虽然少数城镇专门从事采矿业，但蒙大拿，科罗拉多，怀俄明，爱达荷等州的真正财富，也和加州一样，还是在草原和沃土之中。

14. readability, 读起来上口，顺。所谓翻译，是翻译意思，而不是翻译词句。只要抓住了意思，译文在词句上可以有一定的灵活性。

15. Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nation’s basic occupations. The revolution in agriculture----paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming, and from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Between 1686 and 1910, the number of farms in the United States trebled, increasing from 2 million to 6 million while the area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to 352 million hectares.
尽管工业的收益很大，农业仍是国民的基础产业。农业革命----和战后的制造业革命齐驾齐驱，使手工业劳作变为机械耕种，使维持生计的农业变为商业化的农业。从1860年至1910年间，美国农场的数量翻了三番，从2000000个增至6000000个，耕种的面积也从1。6公顷增至3。52公顷，增长了一倍多。

16. In 1840, Cyrus McCormick performed a miracle by cutting from two to two-and-a-half hectares a day with the curious machine he had been developing for nearly 10 years.
到了1840年，塞路斯，麦克米克创造了一个奇迹，用他历经近十年研制的神奇机器，一天可割麦2---2。5公顷。

17. In 1862, the Morrill Land-Grant College Act
1862年，政府颁布的有关赠地建校的“莫里尔公地兴学法案”

18. industrial colleges, appropriated fund, were at work.
农业院校， 下拨款项，  展开了科研活动。

19. 五四运动是反帝国主义的运动,又是反封建的运动. 五四运动的杰出的历史意思,在于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态, 这就是彻底地不妥协地反帝国主义和彻底地不妥协地反封建主义.
The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement. Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911, namely, its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism.

20. 五四运动所进行的文化革命则是彻底地反对封建文化的运动,自有中国历史以来,还没有过这样伟大而彻底的文化革命.
May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture; there had never been such a great and thoroughgoing cultural revolution since the dawn of Chinese history.

21. 五四运动是在思想上和干部上准备了一九二一年中国共产党的成立,又准备了五?运动和北伐战争.
Both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and for the May 30th Movement in 1925 and the Northern Expedition.

22. 上海,唐山,长辛店等地工人纷纷罢工示威, 中国工人阶级第一次作为觉悟了的独立的政治力量登上政治舞台,显示了它的伟大力量.
Workers in Shanghai, Tanghsna, Changxindian and etc, went on strike to express their disapproval. As an awakened, independent, political strength, Chinese working class stepped on the political stage for the first time and illuminated its tremendous power.

23. 在全国人民反帝爱国斗争的压力下, 北洋军阀政府被迫释放被捕学生,撤销三个卖国?的职务,拒绝在对德”和约”上签字,反帝反封建斗争取得了初步胜利.
Under the pressure of a nationwide patriotic struggle against imperialism, the Northern Warlord government had to release those arrested students, remove the 3 traitors from their posts and refuse to sign on the Peace Treaty with Germany. The struggle against imperialism and feudalism has achieved a foundemental victory.

24. 五四运动是一次彻底的不妥协的反帝反封建的革命运动, 它促成了中国工人运动同马克思主义的结合, 在思想上和干部上为中国共产党的成立作了准备, 是中国新民主主义革命的开端.
May 4th Movement is a revolutionary movement with a thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism and feudalism. It prompted the combination of Chinese workers’ movement and Marxism and, both in ideology and in the matter cadres, paved the way for the founding of Chinese Communist Party. It was the beginning of the Chinese New Democratic Revolution.

25. Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science. In 1862, the Morrill Land-Grant College Act allotted public land to each state for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges.
在农业革命中与机械几乎同等重要的是科学.1862年,根据”莫里尔公地兴法案”, 国会把公用地分配给各州,以便建立农业和工业学院.

26. the revolution in agriculture---paralleling that in manufacturing after the war involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming, and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.
农业的革命----和战后制造业的革命并驾齐驱----使手工业劳动变为机械耕作,从维持生计的农业变成为商业化的农业.

UNIT 3 GEOGRAPHY
1. All this suggested ancient harmonies.
这一切使人感到古代的和谐气氛.

2. The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the fellahin no longer occur.
过去给农民带来灾难的水旱灾害,现在也不再发生了.

3. About six years ago it became an island. Day by day the sea is eating the land----the dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing the shoreline.
大约六年前, 那地方变成了一个小岛.海水一天天冲刷陆地----水坝已经使得尼罗河的泥沙无法沉积下来加固海岸了.

4. 旧的教学法只管三件事,识汉字, 读汉字读物, 写汉字作文. 冰心在<北京晚报>发表过一篇文章:”漫谈赏花和玩猫”.

5.Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. Driving southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a landscape that owed little to the present era. For the next 1800 miles the thin blue ribbon of the Nile, flowing slowly north, unwound over brown soil and green fields, some only a few yards wide, others as broad as an Iowa cornfield. At the edge of the fields, rising in dramatic hills or stretching flat to the horizon, lay the brown barren deserts.
古埃及的坟墓,庙宇遍布尼罗河两岸,一直沿至苏丹.驾车从开罗往南行至尼罗河谷,映入眼帘的是一番与现代截然不同的景色.蓝色玉带般的尼罗河绵延1800英里,在棕色的土地和绿色的田野间缓缓向北流去.田地有的仅几码宽,有的则如依阿华州的玉米地那么宽.田野的外边缘处是寸草不生的棕色沙漠,有的地方如小山般高高耸起,有的则平平的一直延展至天际.

6. I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long, narrow farm.
我感到自己宛若驾车穿越一个毫无尽头的狭长农场.

7. the road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert.
公路是顺着尼罗河修筑的,所以时而从田间穿过,时而如一条黑色的分界线将田地与沙漠隔开.

8. as the flood receded, the water draining through the soil leached out the salts and carried them off to the Mediterranean.
洪水退去时, 下渗土壤的水会冲走土里的盐分,并最终把盐带入地中海.

9. it enjoys a Mediterranean climate.
属地中海气候

10. The fertility of the surrounding plains, easy access to the Murray lowlands to the east and southeast, and the presence of mineral deposits in the nearby hills all contributed to the city’s growth.
四周平原土壤肥沃,与东和东南方的墨累低地相通.附近山区有矿藏. 原为早期农贸中心, 现已工业化.

11. The Adelaide Festival of Arts was the first international celebration of its kind to be held in Australia.
阿德莱德文艺节每两年举行一次,是在澳大利亚举办的第一个国际性文艺活动.
12. Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is one of Australia’s best-planned cities.
南澳大利亚的首府,阿德莱德, 是澳大利亚布局最精巧的城市之一.

13. Belts of parklands line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawns and trees break the regularity of the city buildings. North Adelaide, which is chiefly residential, is bordered by more parklands, and contains two open squares. N and S Adelaide are divided by the Torrens River, spanned by four bridge and lined with ornamental gradens.
带状绿地从三面环绕,区内的四块空地上有草坪也有树木,打破了市内建筑物的单调格局.北部主要是居民区,其周围也有公园环绕.另外还有两个大广场.南北阿德莱德的分界是特化斯河,河面上建有四座桥,两岸则有花园点缀.

14. The city contains many fine examples of early Australian architecture, including the town hall on King Wiiliam Street---the wide main N-S thoroughfare.
阿德莱德拥有许多早期澳式建筑的典范,比如贯通南北的主干道路----余威廉大街上的市政大厅.

15. jets of water, aluminium sculptures, draws its water.
喷水孔,铝质雕塑.供水之源

16. Parklands, which separate the city and the suburbs, are preserved in the perpetuity for the use of the people.
分隔市区与郊区的绿地永远留作人们活动的场所.

17. The Imperial Palace

18. Of particular interest if you have time might be the Imperial Ancestral Temple, which is to the right, and the Sun Yat-Sen Park, on the left.

19. Covering an area of 175 acres, the Palace is enclosed by walls over 35ft high and surrounded by a moat 57yd wide.

20. the Palace Museum, with four gates, has its main entrance to the south, known as the Meridian Gate. This is the gate you will approach as you continue along the cobbled roadway from Tian An Men. The Imperial Palace is divided into two ceremonial areas: the Outer Palace and the Inner Court. Through the Meridian Gate and across the Golden Water Bridge, one comes to the Gate of Supreme Harmony, the main gate of the Outer Palace. The main building in the Outer Palace are the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Preserving Harmony.