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自考英语语法复习资料 二

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(3)宾语从句

1. 定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2. 构成:关联词+简单句

3. 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:

(1)从属连词that.如:

He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。

I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。

注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。

1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略)

大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略)

对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。

3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe. (that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)

鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(2)从属连词if/whether.如:

I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

I don't know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词 where, when, how, why.

如:

Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。

I wonder what he's writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

I'll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

(1)介词宾语从句

宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。

I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

有时介词可以省略。如:

I don't care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。

Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。

解释:

1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

他已表明他不会屈服。

2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:

He is a good student except that he is careless.

他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。

介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:

Are you sorry for what you've done?

你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?

3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:

I am not sure what I ought to do.

我不能确定我该做什么。

I'm afraid you don,t understand what I said.

恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

I'm surprised that I didn,t see all that before.

我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句

if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:

I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。

用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:

Please let me know if you want to go.

Please let me know whether you want to go.

if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。

5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:

I don't think you are right. 我认为你错了。

I don't believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?

6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律:

(1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。

(2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

老师说地球绕着太阳运行。

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