3.关于就近指代

1. which在从句中的作用。a.prep+which 后接完整句。b.which后接不完整句，which在从句中要做成分。c.百分比结构，如10% of which整个作名词性结构。

2.  2.which的指代。这一点太烦了。首先，比较传统的理解是这样的结构（介词为of）：1.A of B which. 2. A of B，  which（区别在于有无comma），前者只能就近指代，（诚然，由题目违反了这一点）；后者可以越前指代，但也不一定越前指代。其次，如果介词不是 of，能越前指代吗？其实，很多的语法争端都是从这里开始的，也很难平息。但是，有几点是可以肯定地，1.A of B which显然是不好的结构，应该改为that（可以用word试试，office认为这是语法错误）。2.就近指代是主流。因为从阅读的角度来讲，越前指代会造成理解的困难，而og是最不喜欢任何造成理解困难的用法的。3.逻辑意思决定which后的谓语单复数。所以，把which可能引起的指代作为相对错也许比较合理。（当然，我现在脑海里都浮现出很多范例了。比如a group of birds that……那道题。）对了对了，还要注意  body of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/ a set of /the number of  +n/ns +谓语单数这些特殊用法。

九。关于redundancy的总结

1. amount to a sum

2. annual and a year

3. after when

4. substitute and in place of

5. once in every [number] [time]

6. both A as well as B

7. regain and again

8. soar and rise and increase

9. increase/decrease and up to/down to

10. opposition and against

11. be able to/ability and afford

12. can and capability

13. now and currently

14. can and potentially（can， potentially，…is right）

15. consequence and result

16. may and likely

17. that of his own

18. return back

19. although and may

20. use as and borrow against

21. also and like/as

22. share the same

23. withhold disclosure

24. no less than/nothing other than（在完全没有比较的情况下赤裸裸的出现在名次前）

25. pay and payment

26. reason and because