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职称英语语法:第十讲b

分类: 职称英语 
(三)怎么连接?关键是看先行名词(被修饰或说明的那个名词)在从句中充当什么成分(主语、宾语、表语?状语?定语?)这是能否辨别定语从句和能否正确选择连接词的关键所在。(在从句中)当主语、宾语、表语时:↗ 人 → who (宾格用whom)限制性定语从句:that↘ 物 → that ( = which)注意:虽然在限制性定语从句中,关系代词that = which, 但是,当:(1) 先行词是all, both, none, nothing, anything, everything, much, such等不定代词时;(2) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;(3) 先行词被序数词(如第一,第二等)修饰时;(4) 先行词被the very, the only, any, no等词修饰时只能用that,不能用which连接。也就是说,在限制性定语从句中,连接物的关系代词用"that" 总是对的。这是考试判题的重要思路。不一定要刻意去死背硬记上面四条具体的规则。↗人 → who (宾格用whom)非限制性定语从句:↘物 → which (不要用that)注意:非限制性定语从句(连接词前面一般有","号)中,不会出现"that"记住上述要点了吗?做几道题,巩固一下上面所讲的内容:尽量不要查字典!1)The book ______ is now out of stockA. which he bought it last weekB. which he bought last weekC. which he had bought last weekD. which it was bought last week解题思路:如果你选择了A或D,说明你对"句子成分"的概念,或对关系代词在句子中可以做什么成分还不清楚,应该好好复习"什么叫定语从句?"一节;如果选C,说明你对时态概念仍不清楚,再复习"过去完成时"一节;正确答案为B,"which"在从句中做动词bought的宾语。这里能不能将"which"改成"that"呢?当然可以,而且现在更多的是用"that".实际使用中,该句子中的"which"或"that"可以省掉,即:The book he bought last week is now out of stock. (他上周买的那本书现在脱销。) ,即:当关系代词在从句中当宾语时,可以省掉。2) He is the man ______ is capable of finishing this task.A. heB. whomC. whoD. which解题思路:正确答案为C,关系代词在从句中当主语,故选择主格who而不是whom;任何A、D选择说明学生缺乏最基本的语法概念,应补最基础的语法课。3)The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who解题思路:记住:定语从句中永远不可能出现what做连接词, 记住这句话对理解"名词性从句"会大有帮助; 既然先行词为thing(事情), 就不能用who连接;同时出现"which"和"that",又没有","号,当然选B(the only thing只能用 that连接,不能用 which连接)。下面一题的思路是一样的:4)All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A. which is neededB. that is neededC. what is neededD. is needed正确答案是:B 注意:all that = what, 不可能出现all what5) Some of the roads have been flooded(淹没), ______ our journey more difficult.A. it makesB. they makeC. which makesD. which make解题思路:四个答题中有两个区分点:第一个区分点是:C、D都用了连接词"which",而A、B没有用,根据"逗号不能连接两个句子"的原则,A、B肯定不对;第二个区分点是:C、D中,动词一个用单数形式makes,一个用复数形式,这里应选择C.为什么?非限制性定语从句中,除了说明先行的某个名词外,还可以说明整个句子的内容,此时动词用单数形式。全句意思:有的路已被洪水淹没,这使我们的旅行更加困难。"which"代表"有的路已被洪水淹没"这件事情。考试时,当出现类似形式的题目而确实又看不懂句子意思时,应倾向于选择which + 单数动词的那个选项.

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