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职称英语(综合类)辅导讲议-词汇学习10

分类: 职称英语 
答案与题解:
词汇学习1:
1. B account for是个动词短语,意思是“解释,说明”,和动词explain的意思相当,又如:How do you account for your absence at the meeting?(你开会缺席如何解释?)其他几个动词的意思分别是:assess评估,describe描述,investigate调查。
2. D minute作名词用是“分钟”,这里是作形容词用,意思是“细小的,细微的”,发音和名词minute也不同。在四个选项中和slight同义。又如:There are minute differences between the two proposals.(这两个提议之间的差别很小。)big, dramatic这两个选项意义恰好和minute相反,timely是“及时的”,和minute的意义不相干。
3. A disorder是order(秩序)的反义词,意为“无序,混乱”,故应选confusion.Disagreement(不一致),disappearance(消失)均和句子的内容无关,disaster是“灾难”的意思,和disorder的意思有出入。
4. B to accuse sb. of sth.这个动词短语的意思是“指控某人犯了错误,罪行”,在本句中以被动形式出现,又如:The court accused him of murder(法庭指控他犯有谋杀罪)。四个选项中charged…with和accused…of同义。另外三个选项中,arrested for, praised for都可以替代accused of的位置,但意思分别是“被逮捕”和“受表扬”,显然和句子的原意不一致,described as是“被描述为……”的意思,这里是不能用的。
5. D 所给的四个选项都是用动词look构成的短语,但其中只有一个的意义相当于动词investigate(调查),那就是look into,其他三个选项的意义分别是:look after照料,look through审核,look forward to期待。
6. A numerous是个形容词,意思是“许多”,原句的意思是“作了许多尝试来掩盖真相”。在四个选项中只有many和它意义相同。其他三个的意思和numerous毫无相近之处。
7. D obvious的意思是“显示而易见的,明显的”,在四个选项中只有clear的意思与它最接近。
8. C 此句的意思是“奇怪的是对那位天才的画家人们了解的这么少”。odd是形容词,意思是“奇怪的”,如:It was odd of him to turn down the proposal.(他拒绝这个建议有点奇怪。)故应选strange.
9. C participate in是个动词短语,意思是“参加”,和短语take part in同义,又如:The teacher expected all the students to participate in the speech contest.(老师希望所有的学生都参加演讲比赛。)其他三个选项的意思是:contribute to对……做出贡献,take pleasure in乐于做某事,enjoy喜欢。
10. D preserve是“保存”的意思,preserve meat即“保存肉类”,故应选keep,另外三个动词也都可以用在meat前面,但意思均不是保存,carve meat(把肉分割),cook meat(煮肉),freeze meat(把肉冷冻)。
11. C previously是副词,意思是“以前、先前”,和作副词用的before同义,又如:I have never heard this language spoken previously.(此前我从来没有听人讲过这种语言。)beforehand和in advance意思相同,都是“事先,预先”的意思,如:The journey is going to be difficult; we must get well prepared beforehand.(此次路途多辛劳,我们得事前作好准备。)Are we to pay him in advance?(我们是否要先预付给他钱?)
12. A pull up这个动词短语的意思是“(车辆)停下”,所以应选stop这个动词,slow down慢下来,speed up加速,turn up出现。
13. B perceive这个动词的意思是“感到”,又如:The change in his tone was slight, but most people present perceived it.(他语气的变化虽很细微,但在场的大多数人还是感觉到了。)appreciate是“欣赏,赞赏”的意思,describe描述,discover发现。
14. B possess这个动词的意思是“拥有,占有”,和own同义,又如:I don't own much wealth but I possess good health.(我们没有多少财富,但我拥有健康)。waste是“浪费”的意思,purchase购买,和buy同义,sell出售。
15. A substantial的意思是“十足的,坚固的,实质的,本质的”,如:a substantial building, a substantial meal, a substantial victory.原句的意思是“他们都同意所发生的变化是实质性的”。在四个选项中significant的意思与之最相近。superficial表面的,inadequate不足的,inevitable不可避免的。
词汇学习2:
1. A spur: 促进,激励。encourage跟它的意思相近:鼓励,促进。Public apathy encourages corruption in government. 公众的冷漠助长政府的腐败。endanger:危及,危害。They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他们声称,他们使用的除草剂不会危害人们的生命。endorse:签名,批准。The application was endorsed by the committee.申请书已由委员会批准。enlarge:扩大,放大。The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天联合国秘书长提议扩大维和部队。
2. C coverage:覆盖(的区域、范围)。此处指新闻报道的范围。reportage:新闻报道。注意:reportage在这个句子中可以替代coverage,但并不意味着任何时候都可以替换。baggage:行李(不可数)。A piece of baggage:一件行李。英国英语一般用luggage.orphanage:孤独身份,孤儿院。usage:使用,用法。That phrase has gone out of usage.那短语已不为大家所用。
3. C dimly昏暗地。lit:此处是light(照亮)的过去分词,也有人把它叫做形容词。A dimly lit lane:一条昏暗的胡同。faintly:暗淡地,微弱地,与dimly意思相近。inadequately不足。hardly几乎不。I can hardly hear him.我几乎听不到他说话。sufficiently:充分地,足够地。
4. A mildly:温和地;适度地。gently:温和地,有教养地。 “I'm sorry to disturb you”, Mary said gently.玛丽有礼貌地说:“对不起,打扰你了。”shyly:害羞地;胆怯地。The children are smiling shyly.那些儿童腼腆地笑着。weakly:虚弱地,微弱地。She smiled weakly at the reporters.她对记者微笑。sweetly:舒适地;甜蜜地。The girl smiled sweetly at her friends.女孩对她的朋友笑得很甜蜜。
5. B inevitable:不可避免的,必然要发生的。certain:肯定的,必然的,与inevitable意思相近。It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.差不多可以肯定,政府在下届选举中要失败。strange:奇怪的。inconsistent:不一致的。proper:合适的,得体的。
6. A isolated:孤立的,与世隔绝的。solitary跟它的意思比较接近:独居的,单个的。John has been living a solitary life.约翰一直过着独居的生活。又如:She was the most solitary person on earth.她是世界上最孤独的人。gloomy:阴郁的,忧闷的。She is feeling gloomy, so go and cheer her up.她感到忧闷,去安慰安慰她。feeble:虚弱的,无力的。A feeble old man:虚弱的老人。frugal:节俭的。
7. C call off:停止,取消。cancel:取消。Why was the baseball game cancelled yesterday?为什么昨天的棒球比赛取消了?put off:推迟。They decided to put off the meeting until after Christmas.他们决定会议推迟到圣诞节后举行。end:结束。The government acted to end a bakers' strike in the city.政府采取行动结束城里面包师傅的罢工。participate in:参加。Did you participate in the discussion?你参加讨论了吗?
8. C make up one's mind:打定主意,下定决心。又如:Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.苏珊决心已下,不管发生什么事,都将跟约翰呆在一起。decide:决定。He decided not to do that.他决定不干那件事。want:想。I can study any subject you want to.我能研究你想研究的任何一个课题。promise:许诺。You've got to promise me that you won't do that again.你得答应我不再干那种事。agree:同意。They might not agree with his opinion.他们可能不同意他的意见。
9. B now and then:时而,偶尔。occasionally:时而,偶尔。always:经常。We have always done it in this way.我们经常这么干。constantly:不断地。She is constantly changing her mind.她老是改变主意。注意:动词进行体跟constantly, always等表达“反复”意义的副词搭配时动词作具有反复性。这种搭配表达说话人对某人的某种行为的不满,具有强烈的感情色彩。下面这句话是不带感情色彩的客观报道:She constantly changes her mind.她常常改变主意。regularly:经常地;定时地。We do meet now and then, but not regularly.我们确实偶尔见面,但不经常。
10. A find fault with:找……的岔子,批评。criticize:批评。He seems to enjoy criticizing his colleagues.他似乎把批评他的同事看做是一种乐趣。praise:表扬。Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for years.我们的客人称赞这顿饭是他们多年来吃过的最好的一顿。evaluate:评估。The scientists are evaluating the data.科学家们正在评估数据。talk about:谈论。That's all settled. It needn't be talked about.此事已彻底解决,无需再谈了。
11. C grasp:抓住。take hold of:抓住,控制住。Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars:母亲抓住了这些汪汪直叫的狗的颈圈,把它们制服了。understand:懂得,理解。I don't understand your attitude at al.我一点也不理解你的态度。grasp也有“懂得”的意思,但在该句中不是这个意思。have a hold over:控制;对……有影响。The officer has kept a firm hold over the soldiers.那个军官一直紧紧地控制着士兵。leave hold of:放开。She left hold of his hand.她放开了他的手。
12. C take…into consideration:把……考虑进去。take…into account:把……考虑进去。We must take local conditions needs great thought.我们必须把地区性的条件考虑进去。thought:思想,考虑。This problem needs great thought.这个问题需要认真考虑。mind:脑子,思想,考虑。
Her mind is not entirely on her work.她的心不全在工作上。memory:记忆。The photograph evoked her happy memories.这张照片激起了她幸福的回忆。
13. A tolerate:忍受。put up with:忍受。If I were you, I wouldn't put up with his behavior any longer.如果我是你,我不会再忍受他的这种行为。accept:接受。I don't think that they would accept my view.我认为他们不会接受我的观点。take有很多的意义。take action:采取行动,采取措施。The government has promised to take swift action on the energy crisis.政府许诺迅速采取措施解决能源危机。suffer from:受……之苦。He suffered from cold and hunger for some time.他一度饥寒交迫。
14. B abandon:放弃。give up:放弃。She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.为了照顾有病的母亲,她放弃了工作。turn down:不接受。The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours.公司否决了缩短工作时间的建议。refuse:拒绝,不接受。He refused bribe.他拒绝了贿赂。
15. C lately:最近;近来。recently:最近;近来。I've only recently begun to learn English.我只是最近才开始学英语。lastly:最后(一点)。He gave many reasons for being late; lastly he said his car had broken down.他先是说了一大堆迟到的理由,最后还说他的车坏了。shortly:一会儿,不久。She kept a diary until shortly before her death.直到去世前不久她才停止记日记。immediately:马上,立即。I'll answer his letter immediately.我会立即给他回信。

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