职称英语（综合类）辅导讲议－词汇学习10
分类: 职称英语
答案与题解：
词汇学习1：
1. B account for是个动词短语，意思是“解释，说明”，和动词explain的意思相当，又如：How do you account for your absence at the meeting?（你开会缺席如何解释？）其他几个动词的意思分别是：assess评估，describe描述，investigate调查。
2. D minute作名词用是“分钟”，这里是作形容词用，意思是“细小的，细微的”，发音和名词minute也不同。在四个选项中和slight同义。又如：There are minute differences between the two proposals.（这两个提议之间的差别很小。）big, dramatic这两个选项意义恰好和minute相反，timely是“及时的”，和minute的意义不相干。
3. A disorder是order（秩序）的反义词，意为“无序，混乱”，故应选confusion.Disagreement（不一致），disappearance（消失）均和句子的内容无关，disaster是“灾难”的意思，和disorder的意思有出入。
4. B to accuse sb. of sth.这个动词短语的意思是“指控某人犯了错误，罪行”，在本句中以被动形式出现，又如：The court accused him of murder（法庭指控他犯有谋杀罪）。四个选项中charged…with和accused…of同义。另外三个选项中，arrested for, praised for都可以替代accused of的位置，但意思分别是“被逮捕”和“受表扬”，显然和句子的原意不一致，described as是“被描述为……”的意思，这里是不能用的。
5. D 所给的四个选项都是用动词look构成的短语，但其中只有一个的意义相当于动词investigate（调查），那就是look into，其他三个选项的意义分别是：look after照料，look through审核，look forward to期待。
6. A numerous是个形容词，意思是“许多”，原句的意思是“作了许多尝试来掩盖真相”。在四个选项中只有many和它意义相同。其他三个的意思和numerous毫无相近之处。
7. D obvious的意思是“显示而易见的，明显的”，在四个选项中只有clear的意思与它最接近。
8. C 此句的意思是“奇怪的是对那位天才的画家人们了解的这么少”。odd是形容词，意思是“奇怪的”，如：It was odd of him to turn down the proposal.（他拒绝这个建议有点奇怪。）故应选strange.
9. C participate in是个动词短语，意思是“参加”，和短语take part in同义，又如：The teacher expected all the students to participate in the speech contest.（老师希望所有的学生都参加演讲比赛。）其他三个选项的意思是：contribute to对……做出贡献，take pleasure in乐于做某事，enjoy喜欢。
10. D preserve是“保存”的意思，preserve meat即“保存肉类”，故应选keep，另外三个动词也都可以用在meat前面，但意思均不是保存，carve meat（把肉分割），cook meat（煮肉），freeze meat（把肉冷冻）。
11. C previously是副词，意思是“以前、先前”，和作副词用的before同义，又如：I have never heard this language spoken previously.（此前我从来没有听人讲过这种语言。）beforehand和in advance意思相同，都是“事先，预先”的意思，如：The journey is going to be difficult; we must get well prepared beforehand.（此次路途多辛劳，我们得事前作好准备。）Are we to pay him in advance?（我们是否要先预付给他钱？）
12. A pull up这个动词短语的意思是“（车辆）停下”，所以应选stop这个动词，slow down慢下来，speed up加速，turn up出现。
13. B perceive这个动词的意思是“感到”，又如：The change in his tone was slight, but most people present perceived it.（他语气的变化虽很细微，但在场的大多数人还是感觉到了。）appreciate是“欣赏，赞赏”的意思，describe描述，discover发现。
14. B possess这个动词的意思是“拥有，占有”，和own同义，又如：I don't own much wealth but I possess good health.（我们没有多少财富，但我拥有健康）。waste是“浪费”的意思，purchase购买，和buy同义，sell出售。
15. A substantial的意思是“十足的，坚固的，实质的，本质的”，如：a substantial building, a substantial meal, a substantial victory.原句的意思是“他们都同意所发生的变化是实质性的”。在四个选项中significant的意思与之最相近。superficial表面的，inadequate不足的，inevitable不可避免的。
词汇学习2：
1. A spur: 促进，激励。encourage跟它的意思相近：鼓励，促进。Public apathy encourages corruption in government. 公众的冷漠助长政府的腐败。endanger:危及，危害。They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他们声称，他们使用的除草剂不会危害人们的生命。endorse:签名，批准。The application was endorsed by the committee.申请书已由委员会批准。enlarge:扩大，放大。The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天联合国秘书长提议扩大维和部队。
2. C coverage:覆盖（的区域、范围）。此处指新闻报道的范围。reportage:新闻报道。注意：reportage在这个句子中可以替代coverage，但并不意味着任何时候都可以替换。baggage:行李（不可数）。A piece of baggage:一件行李。英国英语一般用luggage.orphanage:孤独身份，孤儿院。usage:使用，用法。That phrase has gone out of usage.那短语已不为大家所用。
3. C dimly昏暗地。lit:此处是light（照亮）的过去分词，也有人把它叫做形容词。A dimly lit lane:一条昏暗的胡同。faintly:暗淡地，微弱地，与dimly意思相近。inadequately不足。hardly几乎不。I can hardly hear him.我几乎听不到他说话。sufficiently:充分地，足够地。
4. A mildly:温和地；适度地。gently:温和地，有教养地。 “I'm sorry to disturb you”, Mary said gently.玛丽有礼貌地说：“对不起，打扰你了。”shyly:害羞地；胆怯地。The children are smiling shyly.那些儿童腼腆地笑着。weakly:虚弱地，微弱地。She smiled weakly at the reporters.她对记者微笑。sweetly:舒适地；甜蜜地。The girl smiled sweetly at her friends.女孩对她的朋友笑得很甜蜜。
5. B inevitable:不可避免的，必然要发生的。certain:肯定的，必然的，与inevitable意思相近。It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.差不多可以肯定，政府在下届选举中要失败。strange:奇怪的。inconsistent:不一致的。proper:合适的，得体的。
6. A isolated:孤立的，与世隔绝的。solitary跟它的意思比较接近：独居的，单个的。John has been living a solitary life.约翰一直过着独居的生活。又如：She was the most solitary person on earth.她是世界上最孤独的人。gloomy:阴郁的，忧闷的。She is feeling gloomy, so go and cheer her up.她感到忧闷，去安慰安慰她。feeble:虚弱的，无力的。A feeble old man:虚弱的老人。frugal:节俭的。
7. C call off:停止，取消。cancel:取消。Why was the baseball game cancelled yesterday?为什么昨天的棒球比赛取消了？put off:推迟。They decided to put off the meeting until after Christmas.他们决定会议推迟到圣诞节后举行。end:结束。The government acted to end a bakers' strike in the city.政府采取行动结束城里面包师傅的罢工。participate in:参加。Did you participate in the discussion?你参加讨论了吗？
8. C make up one's mind:打定主意，下定决心。又如：Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.苏珊决心已下，不管发生什么事，都将跟约翰呆在一起。decide:决定。He decided not to do that.他决定不干那件事。want:想。I can study any subject you want to.我能研究你想研究的任何一个课题。promise:许诺。You've got to promise me that you won't do that again.你得答应我不再干那种事。agree:同意。They might not agree with his opinion.他们可能不同意他的意见。
9. B now and then:时而，偶尔。occasionally:时而，偶尔。always:经常。We have always done it in this way.我们经常这么干。constantly:不断地。She is constantly changing her mind.她老是改变主意。注意：动词进行体跟constantly, always等表达“反复”意义的副词搭配时动词作具有反复性。这种搭配表达说话人对某人的某种行为的不满，具有强烈的感情色彩。下面这句话是不带感情色彩的客观报道：She constantly changes her mind.她常常改变主意。regularly:经常地；定时地。We do meet now and then, but not regularly.我们确实偶尔见面，但不经常。
10. A find fault with:找……的岔子，批评。criticize:批评。He seems to enjoy criticizing his colleagues.他似乎把批评他的同事看做是一种乐趣。praise:表扬。Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for years.我们的客人称赞这顿饭是他们多年来吃过的最好的一顿。evaluate:评估。The scientists are evaluating the data.科学家们正在评估数据。talk about:谈论。That's all settled. It needn't be talked about.此事已彻底解决，无需再谈了。
11. C grasp:抓住。take hold of:抓住，控制住。Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars:母亲抓住了这些汪汪直叫的狗的颈圈，把它们制服了。understand:懂得，理解。I don't understand your attitude at al.我一点也不理解你的态度。grasp也有“懂得”的意思，但在该句中不是这个意思。have a hold over:控制；对……有影响。The officer has kept a firm hold over the soldiers.那个军官一直紧紧地控制着士兵。leave hold of:放开。She left hold of his hand.她放开了他的手。
12. C take…into consideration:把……考虑进去。take…into account:把……考虑进去。We must take local conditions needs great thought.我们必须把地区性的条件考虑进去。thought:思想，考虑。This problem needs great thought.这个问题需要认真考虑。mind:脑子，思想，考虑。
Her mind is not entirely on her work.她的心不全在工作上。memory:记忆。The photograph evoked her happy memories.这张照片激起了她幸福的回忆。
13. A tolerate:忍受。put up with:忍受。If I were you, I wouldn't put up with his behavior any longer.如果我是你，我不会再忍受他的这种行为。accept:接受。I don't think that they would accept my view.我认为他们不会接受我的观点。take有很多的意义。take action:采取行动，采取措施。The government has promised to take swift action on the energy crisis.政府许诺迅速采取措施解决能源危机。suffer from:受……之苦。He suffered from cold and hunger for some time.他一度饥寒交迫。
14. B abandon:放弃。give up:放弃。She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.为了照顾有病的母亲，她放弃了工作。turn down:不接受。The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours.公司否决了缩短工作时间的建议。refuse:拒绝，不接受。He refused bribe.他拒绝了贿赂。
15. C lately:最近；近来。recently:最近；近来。I've only recently begun to learn English.我只是最近才开始学英语。lastly:最后（一点）。He gave many reasons for being late; lastly he said his car had broken down.他先是说了一大堆迟到的理由，最后还说他的车坏了。shortly:一会儿，不久。She kept a diary until shortly before her death.直到去世前不久她才停止记日记。immediately:马上，立即。I'll answer his letter immediately.我会立即给他回信。
词汇学习1：
1. B account for是个动词短语，意思是“解释，说明”，和动词explain的意思相当，又如：How do you account for your absence at the meeting?（你开会缺席如何解释？）其他几个动词的意思分别是：assess评估，describe描述，investigate调查。
2. D minute作名词用是“分钟”，这里是作形容词用，意思是“细小的，细微的”，发音和名词minute也不同。在四个选项中和slight同义。又如：There are minute differences between the two proposals.（这两个提议之间的差别很小。）big, dramatic这两个选项意义恰好和minute相反，timely是“及时的”，和minute的意义不相干。
3. A disorder是order（秩序）的反义词，意为“无序，混乱”，故应选confusion.Disagreement（不一致），disappearance（消失）均和句子的内容无关，disaster是“灾难”的意思，和disorder的意思有出入。
4. B to accuse sb. of sth.这个动词短语的意思是“指控某人犯了错误，罪行”，在本句中以被动形式出现，又如：The court accused him of murder（法庭指控他犯有谋杀罪）。四个选项中charged…with和accused…of同义。另外三个选项中，arrested for, praised for都可以替代accused of的位置，但意思分别是“被逮捕”和“受表扬”，显然和句子的原意不一致，described as是“被描述为……”的意思，这里是不能用的。
5. D 所给的四个选项都是用动词look构成的短语，但其中只有一个的意义相当于动词investigate（调查），那就是look into，其他三个选项的意义分别是：look after照料，look through审核，look forward to期待。
6. A numerous是个形容词，意思是“许多”，原句的意思是“作了许多尝试来掩盖真相”。在四个选项中只有many和它意义相同。其他三个的意思和numerous毫无相近之处。
7. D obvious的意思是“显示而易见的，明显的”，在四个选项中只有clear的意思与它最接近。
8. C 此句的意思是“奇怪的是对那位天才的画家人们了解的这么少”。odd是形容词，意思是“奇怪的”，如：It was odd of him to turn down the proposal.（他拒绝这个建议有点奇怪。）故应选strange.
9. C participate in是个动词短语，意思是“参加”，和短语take part in同义，又如：The teacher expected all the students to participate in the speech contest.（老师希望所有的学生都参加演讲比赛。）其他三个选项的意思是：contribute to对……做出贡献，take pleasure in乐于做某事，enjoy喜欢。
10. D preserve是“保存”的意思，preserve meat即“保存肉类”，故应选keep，另外三个动词也都可以用在meat前面，但意思均不是保存，carve meat（把肉分割），cook meat（煮肉），freeze meat（把肉冷冻）。
11. C previously是副词，意思是“以前、先前”，和作副词用的before同义，又如：I have never heard this language spoken previously.（此前我从来没有听人讲过这种语言。）beforehand和in advance意思相同，都是“事先，预先”的意思，如：The journey is going to be difficult; we must get well prepared beforehand.（此次路途多辛劳，我们得事前作好准备。）Are we to pay him in advance?（我们是否要先预付给他钱？）
12. A pull up这个动词短语的意思是“（车辆）停下”，所以应选stop这个动词，slow down慢下来，speed up加速，turn up出现。
13. B perceive这个动词的意思是“感到”，又如：The change in his tone was slight, but most people present perceived it.（他语气的变化虽很细微，但在场的大多数人还是感觉到了。）appreciate是“欣赏，赞赏”的意思，describe描述，discover发现。
14. B possess这个动词的意思是“拥有，占有”，和own同义，又如：I don't own much wealth but I possess good health.（我们没有多少财富，但我拥有健康）。waste是“浪费”的意思，purchase购买，和buy同义，sell出售。
15. A substantial的意思是“十足的，坚固的，实质的，本质的”，如：a substantial building, a substantial meal, a substantial victory.原句的意思是“他们都同意所发生的变化是实质性的”。在四个选项中significant的意思与之最相近。superficial表面的，inadequate不足的，inevitable不可避免的。
词汇学习2：
1. A spur: 促进，激励。encourage跟它的意思相近：鼓励，促进。Public apathy encourages corruption in government. 公众的冷漠助长政府的腐败。endanger:危及，危害。They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他们声称，他们使用的除草剂不会危害人们的生命。endorse:签名，批准。The application was endorsed by the committee.申请书已由委员会批准。enlarge:扩大，放大。The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天联合国秘书长提议扩大维和部队。
2. C coverage:覆盖（的区域、范围）。此处指新闻报道的范围。reportage:新闻报道。注意：reportage在这个句子中可以替代coverage，但并不意味着任何时候都可以替换。baggage:行李（不可数）。A piece of baggage:一件行李。英国英语一般用luggage.orphanage:孤独身份，孤儿院。usage:使用，用法。That phrase has gone out of usage.那短语已不为大家所用。
3. C dimly昏暗地。lit:此处是light（照亮）的过去分词，也有人把它叫做形容词。A dimly lit lane:一条昏暗的胡同。faintly:暗淡地，微弱地，与dimly意思相近。inadequately不足。hardly几乎不。I can hardly hear him.我几乎听不到他说话。sufficiently:充分地，足够地。
4. A mildly:温和地；适度地。gently:温和地，有教养地。 “I'm sorry to disturb you”, Mary said gently.玛丽有礼貌地说：“对不起，打扰你了。”shyly:害羞地；胆怯地。The children are smiling shyly.那些儿童腼腆地笑着。weakly:虚弱地，微弱地。She smiled weakly at the reporters.她对记者微笑。sweetly:舒适地；甜蜜地。The girl smiled sweetly at her friends.女孩对她的朋友笑得很甜蜜。
5. B inevitable:不可避免的，必然要发生的。certain:肯定的，必然的，与inevitable意思相近。It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.差不多可以肯定，政府在下届选举中要失败。strange:奇怪的。inconsistent:不一致的。proper:合适的，得体的。
6. A isolated:孤立的，与世隔绝的。solitary跟它的意思比较接近：独居的，单个的。John has been living a solitary life.约翰一直过着独居的生活。又如：She was the most solitary person on earth.她是世界上最孤独的人。gloomy:阴郁的，忧闷的。She is feeling gloomy, so go and cheer her up.她感到忧闷，去安慰安慰她。feeble:虚弱的，无力的。A feeble old man:虚弱的老人。frugal:节俭的。
7. C call off:停止，取消。cancel:取消。Why was the baseball game cancelled yesterday?为什么昨天的棒球比赛取消了？put off:推迟。They decided to put off the meeting until after Christmas.他们决定会议推迟到圣诞节后举行。end:结束。The government acted to end a bakers' strike in the city.政府采取行动结束城里面包师傅的罢工。participate in:参加。Did you participate in the discussion?你参加讨论了吗？
8. C make up one's mind:打定主意，下定决心。又如：Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.苏珊决心已下，不管发生什么事，都将跟约翰呆在一起。decide:决定。He decided not to do that.他决定不干那件事。want:想。I can study any subject you want to.我能研究你想研究的任何一个课题。promise:许诺。You've got to promise me that you won't do that again.你得答应我不再干那种事。agree:同意。They might not agree with his opinion.他们可能不同意他的意见。
9. B now and then:时而，偶尔。occasionally:时而，偶尔。always:经常。We have always done it in this way.我们经常这么干。constantly:不断地。She is constantly changing her mind.她老是改变主意。注意：动词进行体跟constantly, always等表达“反复”意义的副词搭配时动词作具有反复性。这种搭配表达说话人对某人的某种行为的不满，具有强烈的感情色彩。下面这句话是不带感情色彩的客观报道：She constantly changes her mind.她常常改变主意。regularly:经常地；定时地。We do meet now and then, but not regularly.我们确实偶尔见面，但不经常。
10. A find fault with:找……的岔子，批评。criticize:批评。He seems to enjoy criticizing his colleagues.他似乎把批评他的同事看做是一种乐趣。praise:表扬。Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for years.我们的客人称赞这顿饭是他们多年来吃过的最好的一顿。evaluate:评估。The scientists are evaluating the data.科学家们正在评估数据。talk about:谈论。That's all settled. It needn't be talked about.此事已彻底解决，无需再谈了。
11. C grasp:抓住。take hold of:抓住，控制住。Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars:母亲抓住了这些汪汪直叫的狗的颈圈，把它们制服了。understand:懂得，理解。I don't understand your attitude at al.我一点也不理解你的态度。grasp也有“懂得”的意思，但在该句中不是这个意思。have a hold over:控制；对……有影响。The officer has kept a firm hold over the soldiers.那个军官一直紧紧地控制着士兵。leave hold of:放开。She left hold of his hand.她放开了他的手。
12. C take…into consideration:把……考虑进去。take…into account:把……考虑进去。We must take local conditions needs great thought.我们必须把地区性的条件考虑进去。thought:思想，考虑。This problem needs great thought.这个问题需要认真考虑。mind:脑子，思想，考虑。
Her mind is not entirely on her work.她的心不全在工作上。memory:记忆。The photograph evoked her happy memories.这张照片激起了她幸福的回忆。
13. A tolerate:忍受。put up with:忍受。If I were you, I wouldn't put up with his behavior any longer.如果我是你，我不会再忍受他的这种行为。accept:接受。I don't think that they would accept my view.我认为他们不会接受我的观点。take有很多的意义。take action:采取行动，采取措施。The government has promised to take swift action on the energy crisis.政府许诺迅速采取措施解决能源危机。suffer from:受……之苦。He suffered from cold and hunger for some time.他一度饥寒交迫。
14. B abandon:放弃。give up:放弃。She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.为了照顾有病的母亲，她放弃了工作。turn down:不接受。The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours.公司否决了缩短工作时间的建议。refuse:拒绝，不接受。He refused bribe.他拒绝了贿赂。
15. C lately:最近；近来。recently:最近；近来。I've only recently begun to learn English.我只是最近才开始学英语。lastly:最后（一点）。He gave many reasons for being late; lastly he said his car had broken down.他先是说了一大堆迟到的理由，最后还说他的车坏了。shortly:一会儿，不久。She kept a diary until shortly before her death.直到去世前不久她才停止记日记。immediately:马上，立即。I'll answer his letter immediately.我会立即给他回信。