职称英语指导:语法知识——句子b
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句是讲话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案,供对方选择其一,供选择的最后一个答案由连词or引出,最后一个答案用降调,其余的用升调。选择疑问句有三种形式:
⑴以一般疑问句为基础,如:
Would you like a cup of tea or coffee?
⑵以特殊疑问句为基础,如:
Which do you prefer, bread or potato?
⑶在一般疑问句之后加or not,或者用or连接一般疑问句的一个肯定形式或一个否定形式。如:
一般疑问句:Are you ready?
选择疑问句:Are you ready or not?
Are you ready, or are you not?
这种选择疑问句带有不耐烦等感情色彩,意思是“你到底是准备好了还是没有准备好?”。
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两个部分组成:陈述句加简短一般疑问句。这种疑问句有两种结构类型:
一是“肯定陈述 否定疑问”,一是“否定陈述 肯定疑问”。如:
He smokes, doesn‘t he?
They have come back home, haven‘t they?
He isn‘t listening, is he?
It isn‘t a fine day, is it?
注意有些否定词或半否定词(如:barely, seldom, few, little, nobody, nothing, never等)出现在陈述部分时,附加部分的动词应用肯定形式。如:
He seldom drinks, does he?
Few people visited there, did they?
祈使句
祈使句是表示命令、请求、建议、祝愿或邀请的句子。
祈使句的主语通常用第二人称,但一般不出现;谓语动词多用原形;口语中一般用降调,表示请示或邀请时可用升调,并可加上please 一词;表示强调或加强劝说语气时,可在肯定祈使句的谓语动词前加do;否定祈使句的谓语动词前加don‘t或do not,如:
Tell me the truth.
Open the door, please.
Do get up early.
Don‘t open the door.
为了加强说话的语气或明确说话的对象时,主语可以出现,而且可以是第三人称主语,如:
You show me what to do.
Nobody move.
祈使句的另一种结构是“Let (第一、三人称)宾语 宾语补语”,如:
Let me have a look.
Let‘s enjoy ourselves.
Let us have a party.
注意let us和let‘s用法上的区别:let us不包括听话人,let’s包括听话人。
感叹句
用于抒发喜悦、惊奇、赞赏、愤怒等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句通常由what或how引导,主语和谓语动词不倒装。
1.what引导的感叹句用来修饰名词,名词前可以有不定冠词或形容词,如:
What a time we‘ve had today!
What a clever boy I have seen!
2.how用来修饰形容词、副词和动词,如:
How wonderful this girl sings!
How fast they are running!