V-ing/V-ed ..., Main Clause
結構︰現在分詞/過去分詞…，主要子句
說明︰這是含<分詞>句構的<句型>，是以<分詞片語>代替<副詞子句>。<主要子句>中的<主詞>應和<分詞片語>中的動作接受者一致。若<動詞>為 be 或 have been，變成現在<分詞> being 或 having been後，可以省略。<否定句>若變成<分詞片語>時，<否定副詞> not 或 never 應置於<分詞>之前。
Holding the watch up, she listened. 把錶拿起來，她注意聽。
Standing in the dark, I can not see anything. 站在黑夜裡，我什麼也看不見。
Sitting under the tree, I was hit by a stone on the head. 我坐在樹下，被一塊石頭擊中了頭。
(Being) a lover of nature, he often goes mountain climbing.因為熱愛大自然，他常常去爬山。
Angry with his wife, Tom kicked the dog. 因為和太太生氣，湯姆踢狗。
Rich and generous, he contributed two million dollars to the Red Cross.
因為有錢又慷慨，他捐了兩百萬圓給紅十字會。
(Having been) Knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hospital.
被車子撞倒後，他在醫院裡度過了一星期。
Seriously damaged, the bridge is no longer in use. 因受到嚴重損壞，這座橋不再使用了。
Caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一場雨，他全身都濕了。
Bitten by a dog, the little boy did not dare to play with dogs again.
被狗咬過，這個小男孩不敢再和狗玩。
Written in English, the book is difficult for me to understand.
用英文寫的這本書對我來說很難理解。
Not (being) fond of learning, he ran away from home. 由於不喜歡讀書，他就離家出走了。
Never having been to Switzerland before, he longs for a trip there.
因為從來沒去過瑞士，他期待一趟瑞士之旅。
When + V-ing ...
結構︰when/while/once/if/unless/though+現在分詞
說明︰當when，while，once，if，unless，though 等<副詞><連接詞>引導<副詞子句>時，若其<主詞>與<主要子句>相同，可保留該<副詞><連接詞>，其餘部分則化簡為<分詞片語>。
He says "Please" when making a request. 請求時，他說：“請”。
When waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. 等公共汽車時，他按順序排隊。
He stopped to talk to me when seeing me. 看到我的時候，他停下來和我說話。
If falling ill, I’ll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生病，我會待在家裡好好休息。
Once arriving there, I’ll keep contact with you. 一到那裡，我會跟你連絡。
Unless (being) rich, I am not going to buy a house. 除非有錢，要不然我是不會買房子的。
Though knowing the truth, he remained silent. 雖然他知道實情，卻保持沈默。
N + V-ing/V-ed
結構︰名詞+現在分詞/過去分詞，…
說明︰這是含獨立<分詞>結構的<句型>，即因<主詞>不同而將<分詞>意義上的<主詞>置於<分詞>之前。若 <動詞>為 be 或 have been，變成現在<分詞> being 或 having been 後，可以省略。若<分詞>意義上的<主詞>是 we，you，one 等表世上之一般人的情形時，即使和<主要子句>之<主詞>不同，也可省略，變成慣用的句子，常用的有：frankly speaking(坦白說)，judging from(由…觀之)，talking about/of(談談…)，generally speaking(一般而言)，roughly speaking(大體言之)等。
They were trembling, their mouths watering at the thought of the beer.
他們顫抖著，一想到啤酒，口水就流出來。
He was sitting next to Mrs. Smith, his eyes resting on her daughter.
他坐在史密斯太太的旁邊，他的視線落在她女兒的身上。
The earthquake took place, the windows broken into pieces. 地震發生了，戶破得粉碎。
"There it is," he whispered, his eyes (being) bright with sudden tears.
“就在那裡。”他低聲地說，他的眼睛閃亮著突然而來的眼淚。
He said in a low voice, both his hands (being) on his back. 他低聲地說，他的雙手放在背後。
He argued, his voice trembling with anger. 他爭論著，他的聲音由於生氣而顫抖。
Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般而言，女性壽命較男性長。
Frankly speaking, he is not so bad as you might think. 坦白講，他沒有你想像中的壞。
with + N + V-ing/V-ed
結構︰with+名詞+現在分詞/過去分詞
說明︰這是表“附帶狀況(並行行為)”的<副詞片語>，常用來描述情景。有時使用<形容詞>、<副詞>、<介系詞>代替<分詞>。
She sang to the music with her hand waving gently. 她跟著音樂唱歌，手斯文地揮動著。
He came running here with one hand holding a knife. 他手上握著刀向這裡跑來。
He came running here with a knife held in one hand. 他一手握著刀向這裡跑來。
With our work done, we felt much at ease. 工作做完後，我們覺得好輕鬆。
She looked at him with the color gone from her face. 她凝視著他，臉上毫無血色。
He was dozing with a book open in his hands. 他在打盹，手上的書打開著。
My father sometimes goes out for a stroll with a stick in his hand.
父親有時候帶著手杖出去散步。
What a lonely world it would be with you away! 妳要是不在，這世界不知將有多寂寞!