LAST考试阅读笔记-第一讲-(2)
分类: Lsat英语
必看与不看的句子
判断句必看
有系动词（be, remain）的是判断句，尤其在段落或文章开头部分更要重点阅读，这往往是主题句
e.g. these matters remain in doubt.
有情态动词（can, can not, may, must）的是判断句
有自由褒贬词的是判断句：所谓自由指它可以游离于句子之外，句子缺少了它依然成立；所谓褒贬指它本身有评价色彩，多为形容词和副词
e,g, your (brazen/penetrating) view (successfully/curiously) changed my attitude.
记强调性语言
最高级，比较级；如most, first, than, last, at most, more than, less than
more than, less than：与其说……，不如说……
e.g. it is more because a than because b. 这是更因为a，强调a
i have less contact with a than with b. 与b联系更多，强调b
equal（equality）
唯一性：only, unique, sole, exclusive
这些强调性语言在文中出现得少，但在选项中出现机会多，所以如选项中有most，文章、笔记中无，就可排除此选项
记专用名词（用缩略语记）
人名用首字母表示
物种用首字母表示
化学物质用前两个字母表示，但基本的如protein, carbon dioxide等仍需了解
五、例题讲解
book 1, reading 3, p71
women's participation in the revolutionary events in france between 1789 and 1795 has only recently been given nuanced treatment. early twentieth century historians of the french revolution are typified by jaures（o(j)）, who, though（△） sympathetic（⊕） to the women's movement of his own time never（ > ⊕）even mentions its antecedents in revolutionary france. even today most general histories treat only cursorily a few individual women, like marie （m）antoinette.// the recent studies by landes, badinter, godineau, and roudinesco （n(l, b, g, r)）, however（△）, should signal a much-needed（⊕） reassessment of women's participation.
godineau and roudinesco point to three significant phases in that participation. the first, up to mid- 1792, involved those women who wrote political tracts. typical of their orientation to theoretical issues -- in godlneaus's view, without practical effect -- is marie gouze's declaration of the right of women. the emergence of vocal middle-class women's political clubs marks the second phase. formed in 1791 as adjuncts of middle-class male political clubs, and originally philanthropic in function, by late 1792 independent clubs of women began to advocate military participation for women. in the final phase, the famine of 1795 occasioned a mass women's movement; women seized food supplies, hold officials hostage, and argued for the implementation of democratic politics. this phase ended in may of 1795 with the military suppression of this multi class movement. in all three phases women's participation in politics contrasted（ ≠）markedly with their participation before 1789. before that date some noble-women participated indirectly in elections, but （△）such participation by more than narrow range of the population -- women or men -- came only with the revolution. (g, r)
what makes the recent studies particularly compelling（⊕）, however, is not so much (their organization of chronology)(a) as (their unflinching willingness to confront the reasons for the collapse of the women's movement)(b). for landes and badinter, the necessity of women’s having to speak in the established vocabularies of certain intellectual and political traditions diminished the ability of the women's movement to resist suppression. many women, and many men, they argue, located their vision within the confining tradition of jean-jacques rousseau, who linked male and female roles with public and private spheres respectively. but, when women went on to make political alliances with radical jacobin men, badinter asserts, they adopted a vocabulary and violently extremist viewpoint that unfortunately was even more damaging to their political interests. (l, b)
each of these scholars has different political agenda and takes a different approach - godineau, for example, works with police archives while roudinesco uses explanatory schema from modern psychology. yet（△） admirably（⊕）, each gives center stage to group that previously has been marginalized, or at best undifferentiated, by historians. and in the case of landes and badinter, the reader is left with a sobering awareness of the cost to the women of the revolution of speaking in borrowed voices. （总结）
上文属新老观点对立型，它往往是喜新厌旧（过去的观点常错）、标新立异（多数人的观点常错），同情弱者。
阅读步骤：
先判定套路（新老观点对立型）
看层次
标出强对立（如contrast）
注意比较（not, so much as）
判断句必看
有系动词（be, remain）的是判断句，尤其在段落或文章开头部分更要重点阅读，这往往是主题句
e.g. these matters remain in doubt.
有情态动词（can, can not, may, must）的是判断句
有自由褒贬词的是判断句：所谓自由指它可以游离于句子之外，句子缺少了它依然成立；所谓褒贬指它本身有评价色彩，多为形容词和副词
e,g, your (brazen/penetrating) view (successfully/curiously) changed my attitude.
记强调性语言
最高级，比较级；如most, first, than, last, at most, more than, less than
more than, less than：与其说……，不如说……
e.g. it is more because a than because b. 这是更因为a，强调a
i have less contact with a than with b. 与b联系更多，强调b
equal（equality）
唯一性：only, unique, sole, exclusive
这些强调性语言在文中出现得少，但在选项中出现机会多，所以如选项中有most，文章、笔记中无，就可排除此选项
记专用名词（用缩略语记）
人名用首字母表示
物种用首字母表示
化学物质用前两个字母表示，但基本的如protein, carbon dioxide等仍需了解
五、例题讲解
book 1, reading 3, p71
women's participation in the revolutionary events in france between 1789 and 1795 has only recently been given nuanced treatment. early twentieth century historians of the french revolution are typified by jaures（o(j)）, who, though（△） sympathetic（⊕） to the women's movement of his own time never（ > ⊕）even mentions its antecedents in revolutionary france. even today most general histories treat only cursorily a few individual women, like marie （m）antoinette.// the recent studies by landes, badinter, godineau, and roudinesco （n(l, b, g, r)）, however（△）, should signal a much-needed（⊕） reassessment of women's participation.
godineau and roudinesco point to three significant phases in that participation. the first, up to mid- 1792, involved those women who wrote political tracts. typical of their orientation to theoretical issues -- in godlneaus's view, without practical effect -- is marie gouze's declaration of the right of women. the emergence of vocal middle-class women's political clubs marks the second phase. formed in 1791 as adjuncts of middle-class male political clubs, and originally philanthropic in function, by late 1792 independent clubs of women began to advocate military participation for women. in the final phase, the famine of 1795 occasioned a mass women's movement; women seized food supplies, hold officials hostage, and argued for the implementation of democratic politics. this phase ended in may of 1795 with the military suppression of this multi class movement. in all three phases women's participation in politics contrasted（ ≠）markedly with their participation before 1789. before that date some noble-women participated indirectly in elections, but （△）such participation by more than narrow range of the population -- women or men -- came only with the revolution. (g, r)
what makes the recent studies particularly compelling（⊕）, however, is not so much (their organization of chronology)(a) as (their unflinching willingness to confront the reasons for the collapse of the women's movement)(b). for landes and badinter, the necessity of women’s having to speak in the established vocabularies of certain intellectual and political traditions diminished the ability of the women's movement to resist suppression. many women, and many men, they argue, located their vision within the confining tradition of jean-jacques rousseau, who linked male and female roles with public and private spheres respectively. but, when women went on to make political alliances with radical jacobin men, badinter asserts, they adopted a vocabulary and violently extremist viewpoint that unfortunately was even more damaging to their political interests. (l, b)
each of these scholars has different political agenda and takes a different approach - godineau, for example, works with police archives while roudinesco uses explanatory schema from modern psychology. yet（△） admirably（⊕）, each gives center stage to group that previously has been marginalized, or at best undifferentiated, by historians. and in the case of landes and badinter, the reader is left with a sobering awareness of the cost to the women of the revolution of speaking in borrowed voices. （总结）
上文属新老观点对立型，它往往是喜新厌旧（过去的观点常错）、标新立异（多数人的观点常错），同情弱者。
阅读步骤：
先判定套路（新老观点对立型）
看层次
标出强对立（如contrast）
注意比较（not, so much as）