15. A well-known sports figure found that combining publicity tours with playing tours led to problems, so she stopped combining the two. She no longer allows bookstore appearances and playing in competition to occur in the same city within the same trip. This week she is traveling to London to play in a major competition, so during her stay in London she will not be making any publicity appearances at any bookstore in London.

Which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning used in the passage？

（A） Wherever there is an Acme Bugkiller, many wasps are killed. The Z family garden has an Acme Bugkiller, so any wasps remaining in the garden will soon be killed.

（B） The only times that the hospital's emergency room staff attends to relatively less serious emergencies are times when there is no critical emergency to attend to. On Monday night the emergency room staff attended to a series of fairly minor emergencies, so there must not have been any critical emergencies to take care of at the time.

（C） Tomato plants require hot summers to thrive. Farms in the cool summers of country Y probably do not have thriving tomato plants.

（D） Higher grades lead to better job opportunities, and studying leads to higher grades. Therefore, studying will lead to better job opportunities.

（E） Butter knives are not sharp. Q was not murdered with a sharp blade, so suspect X's butter knife may have been the murder weapon.

Questions 16-17

The advanced technology of ski boots and bindings has brought a dramatic drop in the incidence of injuries that occur on the slopes of ski resorts： from 9 injuries per 1,000 skiers in 1950 to 3 in 1980. As a result, the remainder of ski-related injuries, which includes all injuries occurring on the premises of a ski resort but not on the slopes, rose from 10 percent of all ski-related injuries in 1950 to 25 percent in 1980. The incidence of these injuries, including accidents such as falling down steps, increases with the amount of alcohol consumed per skier.

16. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage？

（A） As the number of ski injuries that occur on the slopes decreases, the number of injuries that occur on the premises of ski resorts increases.

（B） The amount of alcohol consumed per skier increased between 1950 and 1980.

（C） The technology of ski boots and bindings affects the incidence of each type of ski-related injury.

（D） If the technology of ski boots and bindings continues to advance, the incidence of ski-related injuries will continue to decline.

（E） Injuries that occurred on the slopes of ski resorts made up a smaller percentage of ski-related injuries in 1980 than in 1950.

17. Which one of the following conflicts with information in the passage？

（A） The number of ski injuries that occurred on the slopes was greater in 1980 than in 1950.

（B） A skier was less likely to be injured on the slopes in 1950 than in 1980.

（C） The reporting of ski injuries became more accurate between 1950 and 1980.

（D） The total number of skiers dropped between 1950 and 1980.

（E） Some ski-related injuries occurred in 1980 to people who were not skiing.

18. Learning how to build a nest plays an important part in the breeding success of birds. For example, Dr. Snow has recorded the success of a number of blackbirds in several successive years. He finds that birds nesting for the first time are less successful in breeding than are older birds, and also less successful than they themselves are a year later. This cannot be a mere matter of size and strength, since blackbirds, like the great majority of birds, are fully grown when they leave the nest. it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that they benefit by their nesting experience.

Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument？

（A） Blackbirds build better nests than other birds.

（B） The capacity of blackbirds to lay viable eggs increases with each successive trial during the first few years of reproduction.

（C） The breeding success of birds nesting for the second time is greater than that of birds nesting for the first time.

（D） Smaller and weaker blackbirds breed just as successfully as bigger and stronger blackbirds.

（E） Up to 25 percent of all birds are killed by predators before they start to nest.

19. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes？ Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airlines have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots' lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends？

（A） Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

（B） Commercial pilots routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.

（C） The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.

（D） Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

（E） Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

20. All savings accounts are interest-bearing accounts. The interest from some interest-bearing accounts is tax-free., so there must be some savings accounts that have tax-free interest.

Which one of the following arguments is flawed in a way most similar to the way in which the passage is flawed？

（A） All artists are intellectuals. Some great photographers are artists. Therefore, some great photographers must be intellectuals.

（B） All great photographers are artists. All artists are intellectuals. Therefore, some great photographers must be intellectuals.

（C） All great photographers are artists. Some artists are intellectuals. therefore, some great photographers are intellectuals.

（D） All great photographers are artists. Some great photographers are intellectuals. Therefore, some artists must be intellectuals.

（E） All great photographers are artists. No artists are intellectuals. Therefore, some great photographers must not be intellectuals.