second, limited accountability is consistent with the "buyer beware" principle that permeates our laws of contracts and torts, as well as our notion in civil procedure that plaintiffs carry the burden of proving damage. in other words, the onus should be on consumers to protect themselves, not on companies to protect consumers.
其次，有限责任与“购买者自我意识”原理和我们对民法程序的认识相一致，所谓“购买者自我意识”是指渗透、融合在我们的合同法规中的一种原理，而关于民法程序的认识指--谁起诉、谁举证。换句话说，消费者应该自我保护，而不是让商家保护他们。

it (doctor-assisted suicide) involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovering appear to be hopeless.
当这个病人处在极度痛苦中并且无望康复的时候，这个（医生参与的安乐死）便使用一种极端的（法律赋予的）手段来结束晚期病人。
这里的measure指的是“医生可以在当这个重病人几乎没有生还的希望的时候夺取他的生命”的政策，也可以看成是“法律规定所允许医生的权利”

for instance, doris porch wrote me about a man on death row in tennessee. he hired men to murder his wife. one threw in a rape, free of charge.
比如说，doris porch在一封信中告诉我了一个在田纳西death row的人。他雇了一些人去谋杀他的妻子。（这些人中）一个强奸了她，这（行为）（却）不犯法（即不受到起诉）。
throw in是个词组，有engage的意思，也就是involve

despite assorted effusions to the contrary, there is no necessary link between scientific  skill and humanism, and, quite possibly, there may be something of a dichotomy between them.
尽管有多种反面的热情表现，但是科学技术和人文艺术之间没有必然的联系，并且二者之间很可能还有分歧。to the contrary，我理解为，是用来说明effusions与后面的notion是对立的

I believe many of the inmates with whom i work are persons like you and me. unfortunately, they took "the road less traveled," and found themselves in a situation that was beyond their ability to handle or solve. this is not only "man as the problem," but the "problem of man".
我认为我（在监狱）中共事的囚犯与你我一样。不幸的是他们误入歧途，最终对于所造成的局面无力挽回。这不仅仅是社会中人的问题，而且也是（犯人）本身的问题。mw中对inmate的解释是： : any of a group occupying a single place of residence;  especially   : a person confined (as in a prison or hospital)。

any of a group of british workers who between 1811 and 1816 rioted and destroyed laborsaving textile machinery in the belief that such machinery would diminish employment.
卢德派成员在1811年到1816年期间骚乱，并捣毁节省劳动力的纺织机器的英国工人。他们认为这些机器会减少就业。

one who opposes technical or technological change.
反对技术或工艺变化的人