solicit==request
sophisticated (文中选) complex
a matter of speculation (思索，推测，投机)= supposition (speculation的同义词)
sparingly 节俭地 (adv.节俭地, 保守地)
span  n.范围，跨距
sparse ==rare
sparse,文中找反义词 rich
spawn——create
specified : stated
speck - particle (斑点)
split——divided
spike
? =striving (strive v.努力, 奋斗, 力争, 斗争)
spontaneous = unplanned
spot——identify
sprang up = abruptly arose
spur——stimulus
staged 
staggering=== Stunning （staggering 惊人的，巨大的）
staple--important
Startling-Surprising
stay
stem from --- grow out of
Still=Nevertheless
stint 紧缩节省 =limit，hindered
stipulate-require
stunning = dramatically(不確定) 都在句中選 (stunning: very surprising, very impressive ，另人印象深刻的;
dramatically: 有戏剧表现力的，引人注目的)
stunned——hindered
stunt v.阻碍...发育, 妨碍...生长, 作惊人表演, 使绝招 n.发育迟缓, 矮小的人(或物), 惊人表演, 绝技
sturdy = strong 
stylus---pen
subsequent (后来的，随后的) = later
subsistent---exsist
subject to = vulnerable to
succumb,
succession----series (succession n.连续, 继承, 继任, 演替, [农业] 轮栽, 连续性)
suited to-appropriate to
suffering------(选项：resist,reduce,?,?)
sumptuous——luxurious
supplant = replace
supply
Susceptible to (容易….的)== prone to
swell---expand
T
"tangible"---physical
tangible = material
teasers (爱戏弄人的人)
teemed with——were full of
temporary--- permanent(原文中找反义词)
tendency==inclination
therefore---in that purpose
therefore ----- consequently
thumb (n.拇指vt.以拇指拨弄, 笨拙处理, 弄坏, 翻阅, 作搭车手势vi.用拇指翻书页)
tip 舌尖 (tip n.顶, 尖端, 梢, 倾斜, 轻击, 末端, 小费, 秘密消息
vt.在...顶端装附加物, 使倾斜, 使翻倒, 暗示, 轻击, 给, 泄露, 给小费
vi.倾斜, 翻倒, 倾覆, 踮脚走, 给小费
n.提示, 技巧)
transition---change
transition=move
tracts (of land) = area (tract n.广阔的地面, 土地, 地方, 地域, (解剖)管道, 小册子)
?=take advantage of
transfer – move
tricky (狡猾的，棘手的，difficult)
through--by
type== kind
U
unavoidably-inevitably
undergone——experienced (undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受 undergone: undergo的过去分词)
undertaken=attempt
undertaking—task
Underlying = inner (underlying adj.在下面的, 隐含的 ，implicit 如 underlying meaning)
underpin=foundation
underpinning (基础, 支柱, 支撑 a support or foundation)
uneven ---- rough   （uneven不平的，不齐的）
uniform
universally——without exception 
unqualified =complete; (不合格的，无限制的，绝对的)
unrestricted——unlimited
untrusted＝have no confidence
unvaluable  (choice :precious, worthless:) i selected precious
utilitarian =functional (文中选) (utilitarian adj.功利的, 实利的, 功利主义的n.功利论者 )
V
variability==tendency to change
vast——immense (vast adj.巨大的, 辽阔的, 大量的, 巨额)
vast——great
vastly-great
vehicle——means (vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段)
verity
vestige-remnant
vexing = difficult (not sure) (vex: 使恼怒，使痛苦, puzzle, annoy)
via-by the way of
vigorous = strong (vigorous adj.精力旺盛的, 有力的, 健壮的)
vivid--bright (vivid adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 大胆的, 清晰的, 活泼的, 逼真的)
vociferous----- 选spoken out

volatile-- (adj.飞行的, 挥发性的, 可变的, 不稳定的, 轻快的, 爆炸性的)

W
wary——cautious
way station——stop (way station n.<美俚>(铁路或公共汽车线路上的)小站)
witness = observe
wear——use
(wear:n.穿戴，使用穿戴的动作或穿戴的状态；使用;穿破，磨损因使用或磨损造成的逐渐损坏或减少 vt.穿, 戴 v.(～ out) 磨损, 用旧, (～ out) 穿着)
wedge
whatever ——in any case/ at any rate/at all event
whereas-while
wield--- using
withstand-tolerate
withstand==persist >avoid/persist? 原文是：...brick withstood the weathering for a long time...
withstand=resist
witness = observe
wonder- surprise

word--information;
worn out
wreak
Y
？= yet 选项还有however / in addition.
yield——provide (yield v.出产, 生长, 生产 vi.(～ to)屈服, 屈从n.产量, 收益)