25 man:this isn’t the dish i ordered,but i’m glad i got it.it’s delicious. 
woman:as far as i’m concerned, the waiter should still hear about it. 
Question 36 through 39; 
man:let’s say you are geologist,and u want to investigatethe geological  
histroy of a place.that is,how did geologists determine things  
like...say ..how were the rocks formed? or was an area once under water?if  
so,when?how should u about it? 
woman:i’d start with stratigraphy. 
man:could u explain what this is to the class? 
woman:well,stratigraphy is the description of strata in sedimentary rock.i  
guess that’s not so clear,huh?ok,let’s say one of the investigators thought  
near a river,for example.well, over the history of the area,every time the  
river flooded,it would deposit a layer of sediment all through with  
flooded,it would deposit a layer of sediment all through with  
floodplain.sometimes a bigger layer,sometimes a smaller,depending on the  
size of the flood. well, one layer or stratum gets deposited over  
another.obviously these strata built up over millions of years.  
Stratigraphy is the study of these layers of deposited settlement. 
man:so does that mean if i exmaine each of these strata,i can tell how long  
ago each one is deposited? 
woman:not necessarily.u see,there might’ve been some years when the river  
didn’t flood and no settlement was deposited.you need other kinds of  
evidence to tell how much time might’ve gone by between when one layer got  
deposited and one on top of it got deposited. 
man:and what are those other kinds of evidence u are talking about? 
woman:well,fossils for one.u can determine exactly how old a fossil is and  
that’s how u can tell how the rock surrounding it is. 
man:very good.the discovery of that particular technique is an interesting  
story.it was a man named William Smith who first used fossils for the  
purpose of dating strata back in the 1800s.let’s take a look at how he went  
about making this geological breakthrough. 
36 what is the discussionmainly about? 
37 what does the woman explain when she talks about rivers? 
38 according to the discussion,why are geologists unable to determine the  
geological age of an area by studying sediment deposit alone? 
39 what will the class paobably discuss next? 
Question 40 through 43; 
Recently some anthropologist conducated an interesting case study in  
ehnology. now ethnology as u reacall is a branch of anthropology that deal  
with how various cultrues develped change. the study was about the  
development of basket weaving by African-american women who live in the  
town of Mount Pleasant,South Carolina.the town is known for its high  
quality sweet grass baskets which are woven bye these women.they’ve been  
weaving the baskets for generations,handing down the skiss from mother to  
daughter. some of the baskets have been place on permanent display at the  
Philadelphia Museum of Art.the origin of their basket weaing dates back to  
the 17th century and even earlier when these women’s ancestors came to the  
United States from the west coast of Africa. Now,it’s mainly a hobby.but  
back in the 17th and 18th century African and American women wove the  
baskets for use on hte rice plantations.there were two types of backets  
then:workbaskets and baskets for use in the home. the wrokbaskets were made  
out of the more delicate sweet grass.they were used for everything from  
fruit baskets to baby cradles. 
40 what is the talk mainly about? 
41 how did the women mentioned in the talk learn to wave basket? 
42 according to the speaker,what type of baskets was make out of bulrush? 
43 what is the main reason taht the women in South Carolina now weave  
baskets? 
Questions 44 through 46: 
this morning i want to tell u about a recent scientific discovery dealing  
with the relation between plants and animals.this is about a desert shrub  
whose leaves can shoot up a stream of poisonous resin a distance of six  
feet.do you think it would be safe from all attacks by insects.but a recent  
study has found one insect,a beetle,that can chew its way past the plant’s  
defense system by cutting the mainly vein that delivers the poison to the  
leaves.this vein cutting is jut one method the beetles used to prepare a  
safe meal.another is by cutting a path all the way across the leave to hold  
the flow of chemicals.then they simply eat between the veins of poison.in  
the past,scienists who studied inset adaptation to plant defenses have  
focused on chemical responses.that is,how the insects can neutrala or alter  
the poisonous substances plants produce.what’s unique about this chewing  
strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavior response to  
the plant’s defenses rather than the more commom chemical response. it is  
only after a beetle’s survived weveral encounters with the plant’ resin  
that it learns how to avoid the poison:by chewing through the resin  
transporting veins on the next leaf it eats.and thus gives itself a  
meal.however,it can take a bettle an hours an a half of careful vein  
cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to  
eat.so,though the method is effective,it’s not very efficient. 
41 what is the talk mainly about? 
42 what is unusual about the desert plant? 
43 how can the beetles avoid being poisoned by the plant? 
Questions 47 through 50: 
we’re going to start our discussion of poetry in Western Europe with the  
Iliad and the Odyssey.these two great poems stand out as great examples of  
the earliest Euopean poems.they are believeed to have been written some  
time between 800BC and 700BC,partly because the poems refer to the social  
conditions of that time,conditions that have been validated by the findings  
of archeologists.but just who was the poet who laid down these cornerstones  
of western literature?well,tradition ascribles them to a man named  
Homer,but we know virtually nothing about this Homer.In fact,some say that  
such a poet never existed at all,that neither the Iliad nor the Odyssey was  
written by a single poet,but rather each poem is composed of the writings  
of several people.this,anyway,is the view of a school of literary critics  
in the 18th century known as the Analysts. the Analysts pointed to internal  
evidence such as variations in the literary devices used in the poem to  
argue that each work waaas in fact a collection of sereral poems by several  
Greek authors.Opposing the ananlysts were a second group of scholars called  
the Unitarian. they insisted that the Iliad and the Odyssey could have been  
the wrok of single poetic genius.To support their argument,they stress  
among other things the consistency of the character portrayed in the  
poetry.this wouldn’t’ve been possilbe,they said,if they were written by  
many different poets.now how we look at the Homeric question today has been  
greatly influenced by someone named Milman Parry,an American scholar who  
first presented his ideas about Homer in the 1930s. so let’s take a look at  
Parry’s research and how it affects what modern day scholars think about  
Homer. 
47 what aspect of the Iliad and the Odyssey does the professor mainly  
discuss? 
48 according to the professor,what is one of the claims made by the  
analysts? 
49 According to the Unitarians,what is one type of evidence that a single  
poet could have written both the Iliad and the Odyssey? 
50 What will the professor probably talk about next?