对非谓语动词的要求(6)
(七)非谓语动词中的有关句型
(1)动名词作主语的句型。
A. Doing...+?v.?,例:
Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
B. It is+no use,no good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.,例:
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football.踢足球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
C. It is+useless(nice,good,interesting,expensive等形容词)+doing sth.,例:
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。
D. There is no+doing...(there is no表示“不可能”),例:
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。
E. There is no use (good)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好)。例:
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了,哭也无用。
F. have difficulty+(in)+doing
have作“有”解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble,fun,a ha
rd time,a good time.
例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。
G. feel like+名词感觉像
动名词想要=would like to+原形动词,例:
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
I don?t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。
H. They spent a lot of time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。
I.在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。
This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。
(2)有关分词句型。
A.在表示感觉和心理状态的动词see, hear, feel, smell, listen(to), notice,observe, smell, watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人名等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如:
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。
B.表示“致使”等意义的动词,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的结构,有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如:
I caught them stealing my apples.他们偷我的苹果,被我当场抓获。
If she catches me reading her diary,she?ll be furious.
如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会很生气的。
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。
C. go+现在分词表示“从事……”之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词,均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。
I"ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。
I"ll go shopping.我去商店。
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗?
D. be busy+?v.ing(现在分词)忙着做……,例:
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。
His assistant is busy (in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。
或者be busy with+?n.?忙着做某事。
He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。
E. What do you say to+ing分词?(……怎么样?)
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐,你看怎么样?
(3)there be的非谓语形式。
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。
A.作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构,而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:
We don?t want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。
B.作状语多用there being结构,但若置于介词之后,for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语,其他多半用there being。例:
There being nobody else at hand,I had to do it by myself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语)
It?s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)
Thereshavingsbeen no rain for a long time,the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语)
C.作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用there to be。例:
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人与年轻人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 D.作定语。there be结构作定语时,定语从句中谓语为there be,there之前的关系代词常常省略。例:
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.这是到南京的最快一班车。
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。