英语专八改错答题技巧六:判断冠词是否有误
爱思英语编者按:冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有独立的词义,担它用在名词的前面,可帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词the,另一种是不定冠词a/an,还有一种是零冠词。
技巧6 判断冠词是否有误
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有独立的词义,担它用在名词的前面,可帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词the,另一种是不定冠词a/an,还有一种是零冠词。冠词的基本用法如下:
1.类指与特指
2.不定冠词a/an只与单数可数名词连用,用于:
第一次提及;泛指某人、某物或地方;某一类人或某事物中的任何一个;用在事物的度量单位前,如时间、速度、价格等,表示“每一……”。
3.以下情况需使用定冠词:
世上独有的事物;方位;前文提到的事物;说话语境中明确的事物;最高级以及序数词修饰的事物;山、河、湖、海、楼、塔、沙漠;含有普通名词构成的专有名词等等。
4.以下场合一般不用冠词:
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前;节假日、星期、月份、季节前;疾病名称前;头衔前;球类运动前;泛指的三餐前;by引导的交通工具前;某些独立结构的名词前;“普通名词+as”引导的让步状语从句的普通名词前:名词前有one, no, each, every, either, neither, some, any, this, that these, those, which或名词所有格修饰时。
5.使用定冠词与零冠词的不同含义:
在bed, church, college, court, hospital, market, office, prison, sea, school,
table等名词前,如果带定冠词或不定冠词则表示该名词所表示的处所;若不带冠词,则表示该处历的功能。
真题例证1
century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was entirely the product of culture, the view that translation was impossible(6)____
分析:按句意“语言完全是文化的产物”,该行的language泛指抽象的“语言”,是不可数名词,而非特指某一特定语言,因此the language中需删掉定冠词the。
真题例证2
I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on the either side,and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I(4)____
分析:either在此处表示“任一的”,修饰名词side时无须加定冠词the。
真题例证3
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.(10)____
分析:本句的意思是说如果汽车制造或板球运动成为爱斯基摩人生活的一部分,那么爱斯基摩语在讨论这些话题时也会有可能变得一样精确、细微。part of才是指某物的一部分,强调的是部分;the part虽指某个部分,但强调的是那个部分作为的整体,因此需要删除the。
真题例证4
The previous section has shown how quickly a thyme passes from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference between school lore and nursery lore. ...(1)____
分析:前一部分说明了两种学习(lore)之间的“更进一步的差异”,即下文提到的二者在传播方式上的差异。此处是第一次提及这种差异,故要把定冠词the改成不定冠词a。
真题例证5
vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). Yet these are among most striking of human achievements.(10)____
分析:形容词最高级most striking的前面应该加the。
真题例证6
The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact that economic uncertainty increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoingincome from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate- and professional-school tuition); ...(5)____
分析:in school是固定搭配,表示“上学”,而in the school表示“在某一个特定的学校里”。上文提到,学费上涨可能反映出这样一个事实:经济的不确定性增加了教育的需求。因此本句中的school逻辑上应指上学,故应删去定冠词the。
真题例证7:
birth rate to a twentieth century high after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom." These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large(2)____
分析:decline指“下降”,为不可数名词,且前面有时间修饰语a hundred years of,故需删除decline的限定词a。