Time—35 minutes

25 Questions

Directions： The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer； that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

1. The cafeteria at Acme Company can offer only four main dishes at lunchtime, and the same four choices have been offered for years. Recently mushroom casserole was offered in place of one of the other main dishes for two days, during which more people chose mushroom casserole than any other main dish. Clearly, if the cafeteria wants to please its customers, mushroom casserole should replace one of the regular dishes as a permanent part of the menu.

The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to consider

（A） the proportion of Acme Company employees who regularly eat lunch in the company cafeteria

（B） whether any of the ingredients used in the cafeteria's recipe for mushroom casserole are included in any of the regular main dishes

（C） a desire for variety as a reason for people's choice of mushroom casserole during the days it was offered

（D） what foods other than main dishes are regularly offered at lunchtime by the cafeteria

（E） whether other meals besides lunch are served in the Acme Company cafeteria

2. When old-grow forests are cleared of tall trees, more sunlight reaches the forest floor. This results in a sharp increase in the population of leafy shrubs on which the mule deer depend for food. Yet mule deer herds that inhabit cleared forests are less well-nourished than are herds living in old-growth forests.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox？

（A） Mule deer have enzyme-rich saliva and specialized digestive organs that enable the deer to digest tough plants inedible to other deer species.

（B） Mule deer herds that inhabit cleared forests tend to have more female with young offspring and fewer adult males than do other mule deer populations.

（C） Mule deer populations are spread throughout western North America and inhabit hot, sunny climates as well as cool, we climates.

（D） As plants receive more sunlight, they produce higher amounts of tannins, compounds that inhibit digestion of the plants' proteins.

（E） Insect parasites, such as certain species of ticks, that feed primary on mule deer often dwell in trees, from which they drop onto passing deer.

3. Genevieve： Increasing costs have led commercial airlines to cut back on airplane maintenance. Also, reductions in public spending have led to air traffic control centers being underfunded and understaffed. For these and other reasons it is becoming quite unsafe to fly, and so one should avoid doing it.

Harold： Your reasoning may be sound, but I can hardly accept your conclusion when you yourself have recently been flying on commercial airlines even more than before.

Which one of the following relies on a questionable technique most similar to that used in Harold's reply to Genevieve？

（A） David says that the new film is not very good, but he has not seen it himself, so I don't accept his opinion.

（B） A long time ago Maria showed me a great way to cook lamb, but for medical reasons she no longer eats red meat, so I'll cook something else for dinner tonight.

（C） Susan has been trying to persuade me to go rock climbing with her, claiming that it's quite safe, but last week she fell and broke her collarbone, so I don't believe her.

（D） Pat has shown me research that proves that eating raw green vegetables is very beneficial and that ones should eat them daily, but I don't believe it, since she hardly ever eats raw green vegetables.

（E） Gabriel has all the qualifications we have specified for the job and has much relevant work experience, but I don't believe we should hire him, because when he worked in a similar position before his performance was mediocre.

4. All people residing in the country of Gradara approve of legislation requiring that certain hazardous waste be disposed of by being burned in modern high-temperature incinerators. However, waste disposal companies planning to build such incinerators encounter fierce resistance to their applications for building permits from the residents of every Gradaran community that those companies propose as an incinerator site.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the residents' simultaneously holding both of the positions ascribe them？

（A） High-temperature incineration minimizes the overall risk to the human population of he country from the wastes being disposed of but it concentrates the remaining risk in a small number of incineration sites.

（B） High-temperature incineration is more expensive than any of the available alternatives would be and the higher costs would be recovered through higher product prices.

（C） High-temperature incineration will be carried out by private companies rather than by a government agency so that the government will not be requited to police itself.

（D） The toxin fumes generated within a high-temperature incinerator can be further treated so that all toxic residues from a properly operating incinerator are solids.

（E） The substantial cost of high-temperature incineration can be partially offset by revenue from sales of electric energy generated as a by-product of incineration.

5.Elena： While I was at the dog show, every dog that growled at me was a white poodle, and every white poodle I saw growled at me.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Elena's statement？

（A） The only white dogs that Elena saw at the dog show were poodles.

（B） There were no gray poodles at the dog show.

（C） At the dog show, no gray dogs growled at Elena.

（D） All the white dogs that Elena saw growled at her.

（E） Elena did not see any gray poodles at the dog show.