第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第23～30题，第题1分，共8分）
下面这篇短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选取项中为第2～5段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题材要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Radar（雷达）

1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.

2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.

3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.

4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.

5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.

6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.

23 Paragraph 2 .

24 Paragraph 3 .

25 Paragraph 4 .

26 Paragraph 5 .

A　Study of Sound

B　Highway Police

C　Working Principles

D　Early Use of "Radar"

E　Useful Tools

F　Discovery by Chance

27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to　.

28 Ultrasonic device were used to　.

29 Police use radar on highways to .

30 Radar helps pilots to .

A　detect nearby objects

B　determine the depth of the ocean water

C　decide how fast you drive

D　stop passing ships

E　map the ocean floor

F　observe water flow

参考答案：

23. D　24. F　25. C　26. B　27. E　28. B　29. C　30. A

试题点评：

概括大意与完成句子

对于该部分试题，首先在做题的时候应该明确，本题分为两个部分，考查的重点也各有不同。概括大意考查总结文章主要意思的能力，做题方法比较单一，对大家难度不大；完成句子考查的是文章细节，具体的考点有：1、利用回文定位快速查找答案的能力；2、利用paraphrase，根据同义替换和句意转换，确定与文章细节意思一致的表述。

我们拿本次的试题做一个解析：

首先，大家看第一部分四道题。作为概括大意的文章，其难度相对比阅读理解的要小很多，词汇、语法都要简单一些，但细节比较对，应用的写作方法比较复杂。对于这类文章，我们没有必要把每一个单词、每一个句子都弄明白，集中注意力找到文章中表示总结的句子。

先看标题：Radar。第一影像：不会。什么是radar？如果知道，求之不得；如果不知道，也没有关系，这并不重要。作为文章标题，只可能表达如下几个含义：1、概念；2、理论。很显然，这里是一个概念，文章的主要内容将会阐释这个概念。

看第一段。大家很快看出，第一段是一个讲故事的口吻，那肯定是在举例子了，所以不用太多费心考虑，直接忽略。因为不从第一段出题，所以一旦发现第一段仅仅是举例的话，就不要再看了，浏览一下最后一句就可以了，因为在例子后一定有个结论，比如本文的：Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.（利用回声，我们开发了许多有价值的工具。原句意思是：回声给了我们许多有价值的工具）

第二段时考试段落。作为英文的写作，作者思路都很单一，一般就是先总后分的结结构，间或也有先分后总的。所以，根据老师上课讲的，看每段话的起始句十分重要。90%的文章看起始句就可以做出本道题的答案。本段的起始句是：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.讲的是回声定位仪器最早用于绘制海底地图。很容易找到对应的答案。

第三段我们用同样的方法，看起始句：Radar is now a familiar tool.该句作为一个总结性的句子，没有更多的信号。接着再看第二句：Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.本句承接第一句，讲的是如何发现的。所以答案也就显而易见了。但大家在这里要记住一个单词：unexpected，“没有预见到的”，等于答案F中的by chance“偶然间的”。所以这道题还用到了同义词替换这一解题方法。

第四段依然先看起始句：All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.看完本句，你会发现本句是一个承上启下的句子，功能上是衔接上一段，所以还应该归于上一段的内容。接下来的句子中有两个引号，很明显这是在解释概念，radar的工作原理。在答案中，Principles是一个生词，但大家查字典可以找到其意思是原理，当然，还有纪律的意思。本题难度最大，既要考察大家概括大意的能力，还考查到了词汇能力，属于4个题中唯一一道区别高低分的题，做不对时可以原谅的。在考试中，每一部分都有一些难度明显比较大的题，建议大家心态要好，毕竟我们的目标只是及格。

看第五段，起始句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.非常明显，根据highway直接找到答案。本句的意思是：在五花八门的用途中，雷达也用作高速公路上的车速控制仪器。

其次，我们看第二而部分完成句子。本部分完成句子的试题考查的都是细节，所以大家要做的第一件事情就是找到文章中对应的原句，然后利用各种同义替换、句意转换等手段找到答案。

我们看：27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to　.首先利用回文定位，找到原句。怎么回文定位？这需要大家一定要找到句子中的标志词、关键词。一般情况下，利用这些词汇文定位比较快捷：复杂的名次（本句中的Echo-sounding devices），表示时间顺序的词（early, first, last, then）、数词（年代、数量、时间、体积、大小）等。利用这些关键词，我们可以找到原文：Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.答案就是原文，所以比较容易。

28 Ultrasonic device were used to　.同样，我们用Ultrasonic device来定位，找到原文：Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.答案就是：how deep the water is under ships.根据句意转换得到答案。原句的意思是：声波或超声波是测量轮船下面水深的有力工具。 

29 Police use radar on highways to .利用highway定位，找到原句：One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.意思是雷达的一个用途就是用于高速公路测速。答案就是你开车多快了。

30 Radar helps pilots to .利用pilot定位，由于没有直接的原句，所以我们断定这是一道区别能力的难题，需要采取更多的办法。可以很快找到这个内容在左后一段，大致看一下文章，然后使用排除法做题。首先排除与水、海、船相关的内容，飞机总是飞在天上的，就只有A、C了，但C我们已经找到是高速公路开车的内容，所以只能是A了。排除法在英语考试中是一种基本的方法，大家要学会使用。

总结：对于本类试题，掌握的关键点不在于词汇、语法，而在于你怎么样迅速找到文章的内容。另外，不求什么都要做对，懂得取舍才会有好心态。