刑罚的英文：
sentence
penalty
punishment

参考例句：

The first duty of a legislator is to apportion penalties(Walter Savage Landor.
立法者的第一项任务就是分配刑罚(沃尔特·萨维奇·兰道)。

The penalty does not balance with the offense.
刑罚与罪过不相称。

to remain dumb despite torture
忍受刑罚不开口

Gave the offender a light sentence.
给犯人判的刑罚很轻

An overwhelming majority voted to abolish the brutal punishment.
压倒性的大多数投票废除那个残酷的刑罚。

The maximum penalty for this crime is 10 years' imprisonment.
这种罪行的最高刑罚是10年监禁.

The degree of punishment is meant to be proportional to the seriousness of the crime.
刑罚的程度应当是与犯罪的严重性成比例的。

Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed
刑罚不得重于犯罪时适用的法律规定。

What punishment does the law prescribe for corruption?
法律规定对贪污行贿该处以什么刑罚?

The judge pronounced to reprieve a condemned prisoner.
法官宣布缓期执行被判罪囚犯的刑罚。

sentence是什么意思：
n. 句子；判决，宣判；命题；警句
v. 宣判；判决；使遭受

existential sentence
特称命题

monadic sentence
单无命题

This is an assertive sentence.
这是一个论断句。

penalty是什么意思：
n. 处罚；刑罚；罚款；罚球

The extreme penalty of the law in some countries is the death penalty.
在某些国家，极刑就是死刑。

There are tough penalties for drinking and driving.
酒后开车处罚很重。

The referee gave a penalty.
裁判处以罚球。

punishment是什么意思：
n. 刑罚，惩罚；虐待

a just punishment(reward)
应得的惩罚（报酬）

He was punished for copying.
他因抄袭而受处分。

They are in for a grand surprise and a deserved punishment.
等待他们是一场少有的意外和罪有应得的惩罚。