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牛津实用英语语法 114 be+不定式

分类: 英语学习方法 
A be+不定式结构,如 I am to go,是很重要的用法。它可以用于以下几个方面:1 传达命令或指示:No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.未经警方人员的允许,任何人不得擅自离开这所房子。(没有人能离开)He is to stay here till we return.在我们回来之前他必须呆在这里。(他必须留下)给出指示的这种语气比较超然,因而主要用于第三人称。与第二人称you连用时,它常常暗示说话人把别人所发出的指示传达给对方。请看以下两个句子:(a) Stay here, Tom.留在这里,汤姆。(b)You are to stay here, Tom.汤姆,要你留在这里。它们之间的区别在于:(a)句中是说话人要汤姆留在这里,而在(b)句中他只是把另一个人的要求转达给汤姆。在间接引语中自然就没有这种区别。be+不定式结构是可以用来表达间接命令的一种形式,尤其是在引导动词为现在时的情况下:He says,‘Wait till I come.’他说:“等到我来为止。”相当于:He says that we are to wait till he comes.他说我们得等到他来为止。祈使句前面有一个从句时,也可以用这种形式:He said,‘If I fall asleep at the wheel wake me up.’他说,“如果我开车时打瞌睡,就把我叫醒。”He said that if he fell asleep at the wheel she was to wake him up.他说,如果他在开车时打瞌睡,她必须把他叫醒。这种形式还用来把征询指示的请求变为间接引语:‘Where shall I put it,sir?’he asked.“先生,我把它放在什么地方?”他问道。相当于:He asked where he was to put it.他问他该把它放在哪里。(参见第318节B。)2 表达一种计划安排:She is to be married next month.她预定在下个月结婚。The expedition is to start in a week’s time.探险队预定在一周后出发。这种结构常用于新闻报导:The Prime Minister is to make a statement tomorrow.首相将在明天发表声明。在新闻标题中,be常被省略:Prime Minister to make statement tomorrow.(译文同上。)过去时:He was to go.当时他是预定去的。(不定式的一般式)He was to have gone.他本来是预定要去。(不定式的完成式)第一句并没有告诉我们计划是否执行了,第二句则用来表示一个未实现的计划。又如:The Lord Mayor was to have laid the foundation stone but he was taken ill last night so the Lady Mayoress is doing it instead.市长大人原订要来行奠基礼,可他昨天晚间病了,所以市长夫人替他代行。B was/were+不定式结构可用来表达一种“命运”的意念:He received a blow on the head. It didn’t worry him at the time but it was to be very troublesome later.他的头上挨了一下子。他当时不感到怎么样,但是这事后来竟变得很麻烦。(结果是很/证明麻烦的)They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们相互道别,根本没有想到竟再也不能相见了。(命运注定不再相见)C be about+不定式结构表示即将发生的动作:They are about to start.他们就要出发了。(他们正准备开门。)加上副词just能使将来更加具有即时感:They are just about to leave.他们马上就要离开了。这个句式同样也可以用于过去时:He was just about to dive when he saw the shark.他当时正待扎进水里,却看到了鲨鱼。be on the point of+动名词与 be about+不定式意思相同,但比后者动作还要快一点。be 作普通动词形式:关于作助动词(参见第113节A。)

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