A 形式规则动词的过去分词由不定式加ed或d构成：worked            loved不规则动词的过去分词参见第39节。B 用法1 用做形容词：stolen money偷来的钱a written report 一份书面报告fallen trees 倒了的树木broken glass 碎玻璃tired drivers 筋疲力尽的司机blocked roads堵塞了的马路2 用来构成完成时态、不定式的完成式、分词的完成式以及被动语态：he has seento have lovedit was broken3 正如现在分词可以用来代替主语+ 主动态动词结构一样，过去分词可以代替主语+ 被动态动词结构：She enters．She is accompanied by her mother．相当于：She enters，accompanied by her mother．她由母亲陪着走了进来。He was aroused by the crash and leapt to his feet．相当于：Aroused by the crash，he leapt to his feet．他被撞击声惊醒，一跃而起。The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longersafe．相当于：Weakened by successive storms，the bridge was no longer safe．Having been weakened…这座桥遭到接二连三的暴风雨的破坏，已经不安全了。（请看下面）As he was convinced that they were trying to poison him， he refused toeat anything．相当于：Convinced that they were trying to poison him，he refused to eat any-thing．因确信他们正企图毒死他，他拒绝进食。C 当有必要强调分词表示的动作发生在其后一个动词表示的动作之前时，应当用分词的被动完成式（having been+ 过去分词）：Having been warned about the bandits，he left his valuables at home．听到关于强盗出没的警告，他把贵重物品都留在家里了。Having been bitten twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unlesswe chained our dog up．邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来，不然就不给我们送信了。