牛津实用英语语法 317 间接引语中的问句
直接问句:
He said,‘Where is she going?’
他说:“她要上哪儿去?”
间接问句:
He asked where she was going.
他问她要上哪儿去。
A 把直接问句变为间接问句时,需作下列改变:
时态、代词、所有格形容词、时间副词和地点副词的变化与陈述句中的变化相同。
动词的疑问式变成陈述式;在间接问句中不加问号(?):
He said,‘Where does she live?’
他说:“她住在什么地方?”相当于:
He asked where she lived.
他问她住在什么地方。
如直接问句针对主语提问,则此种变化显然是没有必要的(参见第55节):
‘Who lives next door?’he said.
他说:“谁住在隔壁?”相当于:
He asked who lived next door.
他问谁住在隔壁。
‘What happened?’she said.
她说:“发生了什么事?”相当于:
She asked what had happened.
她问发生了什么事。
B 如果引导动词是say,则必须换为表示询问的动词,如ask,in- quire,wonder,want to know等:
He said‘Where is the station?’
他说:“车站在哪里?”相当于:
He asked where the station was.
他问车站在什么地方。
ask,inquire,wonder也可用在直接引语中,但这时通常位于句尾:
‘Where is the station?’he inquired.
“车站在什么地方?”他问道。
C ask之后可以接说话的对方(间接宾语):
He asked,‘What have you got in your bag?’
他说:“你的包里装的是什么?”相当于:
He asked(me) what I had got in my bag.
他问(我)我的包里装的是什么。
但在inquire,wonder,want to know之后不能有间接宾语。因此,如想要转述提及说话对方的问句时就必须用ask:
He said,‘Mary,when is the next train?’
他说:“玛丽,下一班火车是几点的?”
He asked Mary when the next train was.
他问玛丽下一班火车是几点的。
如果我们用inquire,wonder或want to know,就必须省去间接宾语Mary。
D 如果直接问句是由(when,where,who,how,why等)疑问词开头的,则必须在间接引语中重复这些疑问词:
He said,‘Why didn′t you put on the brake?’
他说:“你怎么没刹车呢?”相当于:
He asked(her)why she hadn′t put on the brake.
他问(她)怎么没刹车。
She said,‘What do you want?’
她说:“你们想要什么?”相当于:
She asked(them)what they wanted.
她问他们想要什么。
E 如果没有疑问词,则必须用if或whether:
‘Is anyone there?’he asked.
他问道:“那儿有人吗?”相当于:
He asked if/whether anyone was there.
他问那儿是否有人。
1 通常这两个词都可以用,但if要比whether更普遍些:
‘Do you know Bill?’he said.
他说:“你认识比尔吗?”相当于:
He asked if/whether I knew Bill.
他问我是否认识比尔。
‘Did you see the accident?’the policeman asked.
警察问:“你看到那起事故了吗?”相当于:
The policeman asked if/whether I had seen the accident.
警察问我是否看到那起事故了。
2 whether可用于强调对某事必须做出选择:
‘Do you want to go by air or sea?’the travel agent asked.
旅游商问:“你想乘飞机走,还是想乘船走?”相当于:
The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
旅游商问我是想乘飞机走,还是想乘船走。
请注意whether or not的用法:
‘Do you want to insure your luggage or not?’he asked.
他问:“你的行李要保险吗?”相当于:
He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage./He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
他问我是否要给行李保险。
3 whether+不定式结构可位于wonder,want to know之后:
‘Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?’he wondered.
他问自己:“我是等等他们呢还是继续往前走呢?”相当于:
He wondered whether to wait for them or go on./He wondered whether
he should wait for them or go on.
他问自己是要等等他们还是继续往前走。
inquire+whether+不定式结构是可以的,但不常见。
(关于whether+不定式,另参见第242节B。)
4 如果问句含有条件从句时,用whether就比较清楚,否则就会出现两个if:
‘If you get the job will you move to York?’Bill asked.
比尔问:“如果你得到那份工作,你会迁到约克去吗?”相当于:
Bill asked whether,if I got the job,I′d move to York.
比尔问如果我得到那份工作我是否会迁到约克去。