决胜六级--阅读（2）
分类: 英语学习方法
1
In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world. The pupil soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to stop and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. He has to decide which adults are approachable; good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available―but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter.?
Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to a child. He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people―often rather frightening?ooking people―and realises that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. The school will rightly expect the pupil to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils.
1.According to the passage one of the problems for pupils entering secondary schools is that ____.?
A.they are taught by many different teachers?
B.they do not attend lessons in every subject?
C.the teachers do not want to be friendly?
D.the teachers give most attention to the more academic pupils?
2.In secondary schools every pupil having problems should ____.?
A.know how to ask for help?
B.be free from any pressure of academic work?
C.be able to discuss his problems in class?
D.be able to discuss his problems with any teacher?
3.In this passage about secondary schools, the author is mainly concerned about ____.?
A.academic standards?
B.the role of specialist teachers?
C.the training of the individual teachers?
D.the personal development of pupils?
4.Which of the following statements is true??
A.Pupils will form relationships with old pupils rather than teachers.?
B.The setting of the primary school is comparatively simpler than that of the secondary school.?
C.All the teachers in the secondary school are rather frightening?ooking.?
D.Pupils have opportunities to get help from any teacher in the secondary school.?
5.What is the main idea of this passage??
A.The difference between the primary school and the secondary school.?
B.The method that pupils get help from the teachers.?
C.The personal development of the pupils in the secondary school.?
D.The function of the secondary school.お?
2
Every Sunday morning millions of Indians settle down with a cup of tea and the special weekend issues of their newspapers, just as Americans do. But here, with the marriage season approaching, many of them turn quickly to a Sunday feature that is particularly Indian―the columns and columns of marriage advertisements in which young people look for husbands and wives.?
“Beautiful Brahman girl wanted for bank officer from well?onnected family,” one says. “Vegetarian man (doctor, engineer preferred) for church?ducated girl with light complexion,” says another. “Solid 25?ear?ld, salary four figures, wants tall, charming, educated Punjabi,” says a third.?
This is a relatively modern change in the age?ld custom of the arranged marriage. The thousands of advertisements published each week increasingly reflect social changes that are coming to this traditional society. For example, although women are still usually described in terms of appearance, or skills in “the wifely arts,” information about their earning power is entering more and more of the advertisements. This reflects the arrival in India of the working wife.?
Divorce, which used to be almost unheard of in India, is sometimes now mentioned in the advertisements as in the case of a woman whose advertisement in a New Delhi newspaper explained that she had been “the innocent party” when her marriage broke up.?
Because the custom of the dowry (marriage payment) is now illegal, some advertisements say “no dowry,” or “simple marriage,” which means the same thing. However, the fathers of many bridegrooms still require it.?
As a sign of the slight loosening of the rigid caste (social class) system, a number of advertisements promise “caste not important,” or “girls abilities will be main consideration.” The majority of them, however, still require not only caste, such as Brahman or Kshatriya, but also a certain home region or ethnic origin.?
In a land where light skin is often regarded as socially preferable, many also require that a woman have a “wheat?olor” complexion or that a man be “tall, fair and handsome.”?
Advertisements are placed and eagerly read by a wide range of people in the upper classes, mostly in cities. Many of them receive dozens of answers. “Theres nothing embarrassing about it,” explained a Calcutta businessman advertising for a son?n?aw. “Its just another way of broadening the contacts and increasing the possibility of doing the best one can for ones daughter.”?
Because of high unemployment and a generally poor standard of living here, one of the best attractions a marriage advertisement can offer is a permit to live abroad, especially in Canada or the United States. A person who has one can get what he wants.?
One recent Sunday in Madras, for example, a Punjabi engineer living in San Francisco advertised for a “beautiful slim bride with lovely features knowing music and dance.” And a man whose advertisement said that he had an American immigration permit was able to say, “Only girls from rich, well?ducated families need apply.”=?
6. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that ____.?
A. Indias society is changing?
B. women work?
C. arranged marriages are an age?ld custom?
D. working wife arrives?
7. Although he does not directly say it, the Calcutta businessman would probably agree that ____.?
A. it is a good idea to place marriage advertisements in the newspaper?
B. it is a bad idea to place marriage advertisements in the newspaper?
C. it is embarrassing if anyone answers such advertisements?
D. it is embarrassing if no one answers such advertisements?
8. In “A person who has one can get what he wants,” one refers to ____.?
A. feature
B. marriage advertisement?
C. permit to live abroad
D. Canada or the United States?
9. Paragraph 10 gives examples of ____.?
A. advertisements from two women looking for husbands?
B. typical marriage advertisements from the Madras newspapers?
C. the qualities that a person with an immigration permit can ask for and expect to get?
D. the change of traditional marriage custom?
10.A good title for this article would be ____.?
A. Why Do People Marry??
B. Marriage Customs in India Are Changing?
C. Why Indians Read the Sunday Newspaper??
D. Living Abroadお?
3
An eminent neurologist(神经学者), Eric Lenneberg, argued (Lenneberg, 1967) that the human capacity for language acquisition develops according to built?n biological schedules. Native language learning, he claimed, begins with the start of a state of “resonance” in the child which lasts from about two until the onset of puberty(青春期), at about age thirteen. The evidence for this so?alled critical period for language acquisition offered by Lenneberg was clinical.?
Children aged two or three who suffer brain damage may lose all or part of the language they have learned, but are able to begin the learning process again, often progressing at a faster rate than before. When children suffer aphasia(失语症)between four and ten and begin learning language again, recovery is usually complete, even if requiring several years. Aphasias suffered after puberty, on the other hand, are rarely recovered from completely, and among those occurring after age eighteen, recovery is the exception rather than the rule, partial or total language loss usually being permanent.?
When Krashen (1973) reexamined the data on speech loss and recovery after unilateral brain damage, plus that available from psychological and dicrotic listening tests, he found that the process of language lateralization, the shifting of most linguistic knowledge to the left hemisphere (in most right?anded people), is completed far earlier than puberty, probably by age five in most cases. Further, the ability to transfer language function from the language?ominant hemisphere to the minor one when the former suffers damage also seems to disappear after five, although the idea that it may continue until puberty in some cases is a possibility, too, on the basis on the evidence available.?
11.If the child suffers aphasia, he can recover completely ____.?
A.before the onset of puberty B.after age eighteen?
C.before age two D.after puberty?
12.Which of the following statements is true??
A.Anyone who suffers aphasia may have the ability to recover completely.?
B.Usually, children who suffer aphasia can recover immediately.?
C.It may take several years for children who suffer aphasia before the onset of puberty to recover completely.?
D.The recovery for the children who suffer aphasia is the exception rather than the rule.?
13.The ability of transferring language function will disappear ____.?
A.after puberty B.after five?
C.between four and ten D.before the onset of puberty?
14.Children aged two or three can ____ after recovering from aphasia.?
A.make a faster progress in learning than before?
B.recovery part of the learning ability?
C.do nothing but wait?
D.lose their heart?
15.The passage mainly talk about ____.?
A.the children who suffer aphasia
B.aphasia?
C.the effect of aphaisa
D.a “critical period” for language learning?
4
For one thing, tightness in the job market seems to have given men an additional incentive to take jobs where they can find them. Although female?ominated office and service jobs for the most part rank lower in pay and status, “theyre still there,” says June ONeill, director of program and policy research at the institute. Traditionally male blue?ollar jobs, meanwhile, “arent increasing at all.”?
At the same time, she says, “The outlooks of young people are different.” Younger men with less rigid views on what constitutes male or female work “may not feel theres such a stigma to work in a female?ominated field.”?
Although views have softened, men who cross the sexual segregation line in the job market may still face discrimination and ridicule. David Anderson, a 36?ear?ld former high school teacher, says he found secretarial work “a way out of teaching and into the business world.” He had applied for work at 23 employment agencies for “management training jobs that didnt exist,” and he discovered that “the best skill I had was being able to type 70 words a minute.”?
He took a job as a secretary to the marketing director of a New York publishing company. But he says he could feel a lot of people wondering what I was doing there and if something was wrong with me.?
Mr. Andersons boss was a woman. When she asked him to fetch coffee, he says, “the other secretaries eyebrows went up.” Sales executives who came in to see his boss, he says, “couldnt quite believe that I could and would type, take dictation, and answer the phones.”?
Males sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher?tatus professionals. Anthony Shee, a flight attendant with US Air Inc., has been mistaken for a pilot. Mr. Anderson, the secretary, says he found himself being “treated in executive tones whenever I wore a suit.”?
In fact, the men in traditional female jobs often move up the ladder fast. Mr. Anderson actually worked only seven months as a secretary. Then he got a?
higher?evel, better?aying job as a placement counselor at an employment agency. “I got a lot of encouragement to advance,” he says, “including job tips from male executives who couldnt quite see me staying a secretary.”?
Experts say, for example, that while men make up only a small fraction of elementary school teachers, a disproportionate number of elementary principals are men. Barbara Bergmann, an economist at the University of Maryland who has studied sex segregation at work, believes thats partly because of “sexism in the occupational structure” and partly because men have been raised to assert themselves and to assume responsibility. Men may also feel more compelled than women to advance, she suspects.?
16.According to the passage, which statement is NOT true??
A. Men have taken jobs in female?ominated careers because these jobs were available.?
B. Physical labor jobs were not increasing.?
C. Men have taken jobs in female?ominated careers because these jobs pay more.?
D. Although the jobs in female?ominated careers pay lower, men still take them.?
17.The second paragraph suggests that ____.?
A. young people have more rigid ideas about male or female work than their parents do?
B. both young people and parents have more rigid ideas about male or female work than their parents do?
C. parents have less rigid ideas about male or female work than their children do?
D. young people have less rigid ideas about male or female work than their parents do?
18.David Anderson says ____.?
A. he encountered some discrimination and ridicule when he was working as a secretary?
B. he received encouragement and acceptance from the women secretaries?
C. men make better secretaries than women do?
D. men can do well in a female?ominated field?
19.Why was Anthony Shee, a flight attendant with US Air Inc., mistaken for a pilot??
A. Because he always wore a pilots uniform.?
B. Because he told people he was a pilot instead of a flight attendant.?
C. Because he wants to be a pilot.?
D. Because men in women?ominated fields sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher?tatus professionals.?
20.According to the article, which of the following statements is NOT true??
A. Women are more assertive than men at work.?
B. Men are more assertive than women at work.?
C. Men have traditionally been raised to assume more responsibility than women have.?
D. Men feel more compelled than women to advance.
答案部分
1
短文大意?
在小学，孩子处在一个相对简单的环境里，大部分时间与一位熟悉的老师打交道。而到了中学，学生们面临着一个较为复杂的环境，学生和老师都承受着学业上的压力，孩子们的言行举止更是与小学不同，他们需要作出自己的判断。因此，学校希望学生们能够获得所需要的帮助去走好第一步，因为这是成年人世界的模式，只不过是没那么复杂而已。?
1.答案A。?
【参考译文】 根据短文，进入中学的学生们遇到的问题之一是许多老师给他们上课。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章细节部分的理解。?
【详细解答】 文章在一开始就指出，在小学，孩子们大部分时间与一位熟悉的老师建立关系（... and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher.），言下之意是到了中学就有所区别了。随后文章又提到Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff.可见，老师比较多，学生们无法和他们每个人打交道，选项A符合题目的要求，是本题的正确答案。?
2.答案D。?
【参考译文】 在中学，每一个有问题的学生应该能够和任何一位老师探讨他的问题。?
【试题分析】 本题是道句意理解推论题。?
【详细解答】 本题的答案无法在文章中直接找到，但是可以根据第一段最后一句话进行分析推断。最后一句说：... good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available—but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter.学校承诺可以提供帮助，而实际上对是否是这样要提出疑问，那就说明在现实生活中并非如此。由此可见，本题的正确答案应该是D。?
3.答案D。?
【参考译文】 在本篇关于中学的文章中，作者主要关心的是学生的个人发展。?
【试题分析】 本题是道分析推断题。?
【详细解答】 文章在第一段中就提到进入中学，学生们很快就知道了不能对老师随便乱说话，即使对他们的同学也不能（The pupils soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils.）。在最后一段中有这么一句话：He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people—often rather frightening?looking people—and realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made.从这里也可以看到学生们所面临的处境，而这些都影响着学生们个人的发展，因此D应该是本题的最佳选项。?
4.答案B。?
【参考译文】 下列叙述中正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章细节部分进行辨析的能力。?
【详细解答】 文章的第一句话就说到在小学，孩子处在一个相对简单的环境里（In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting ...），文章大部分谈论的又是中学的情况，由此可以判断出第一句话中所说的相对简单是与中学相比较而言的，因此在所给四个选项中符合题意的是B项“小学的环境相对于中学的环境要简单一些”。?
5.答案C。?
【参考译文】 本篇短文主要讨论的是什么??
【试题分析】 本题是道归纳中心思想的题目。?
【详细解答】 虽然文章中提到了中学和小学的不同之处，但是这毕竟只是局部问题，不是文章所谈论的中心，因此最具干扰性的A项不是本题的答案。B和D所述明显与文章不符，所以都要舍去。只有C项“中学学生个人发展问题”与文章大意相符，是本题的最佳选项。?
?
2
短文大意?
每星期刊出的成千上万的广告不断反映了这个传统社会经历的社会变革，即使是登婚姻广告也不觉得尴尬，一改传统的婚姻习俗。?
6. 答案A。?
【参考译文】 第三段的主要意思是印度的社会正在改变。?
【试题分析】 本题是道逻辑分析推理题。?
【详细解答】 本段的主题句在第二句：The thousands of advertisements published each week increasingly reflect social changes that are coming to this traditional society.(每个星期刊出的成千上万的广告不断反应了这个传统社会经历的社会变革)。根据此主题句就不难找出本题的最佳选项应为A项。?
7. 答案A。?
【参考译文】 尽管并未直接说，凯尔卡特市的商人可能同意在报纸上刊登婚姻广告是个好主意。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 凯尔卡特市的商人虽然未直接发表观点，但是他说“Theres nothing embarrassing about it.”(这样做没什么尴尬的)而且他是在登广告找女婿时说这句话的，因此句中的it指代的是advertising for a son?in?law.同时他认为登广告“Its just another way of broadening the contacts and increasing the possibility of doing the best one can for ones daughter.”(这是拓宽接触面的又一种方法，同时增加了为其女儿选择最合适人选的可能性。)同样这句话中的it仍然指的是advertising for a son?in?law.通过这样简单的分析，我们不难推断出本题的最佳答案应该是A项在报纸上登征婚广告是一个好主意。?
8. 答案C。?
【参考译文】 在A person who has one can get what he wants中one指的是定居海外的批文。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是根据上下文推测词义的能力。?
【详细解答】 这句话出现在文章的第九段。one在这里很明显不可能是指人，只可能是指事，指的是前文所提之事：由于高失业率和贫穷的生活标准，征婚广告的最大魅力之一就在于获得移居国外的批文，特别是到加拿大和美国。(... one of the best attractions a marriage advertisement can offer is a permit to live abroad, especially in Canada or the United States.)因此one指的是a permit to live abroad.C项是本题的正确答案。?
9. 答案C。?
【参考译文】 第十段给出了一个拥有移民批文的人能够要求并希望得到的地位。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章细节部分的理解。?
【详细解答】 文章第十段所举事例是为了说明前文所说的：A person who has one can get what he wants.(一个人若拥有移居国外的批文就能得到他想要的)。在婚姻上也是如此，只要有这个批文，不论自己如何，他就可以任意选择自己的新娘，因此本题的最佳答案应该是C。?
10.答案B。?
【参考译文】 本文的最佳题目是印度的婚俗在改变。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是综合归纳概括的能力。?
【详细解答】 本文主要讲述的是印度一改传统婚姻习俗，通过广告来寻找结婚对象，因此本题的最佳选项应为B项而非其他。??
3
短文大意?
一位著名的神经学家指出，人类语言积累发展的过程是根据脑内的生物时间表来进行的。母语的学习是在孩子开始处于“共鸣”状态的时候进行的，大约是从2岁到青春期开始为止。临床证明，脑部受到损伤的两三岁孩子可能会失去全部或者部分记忆，但是还能够重新开始学习语言，而且进步比以前要快。4至10岁间患有失语症的通常可以完全恢复。但是青春期患上失语症的人很少能够完全恢复，18岁以后患失语症的人能够恢复就是一种例外了。另外还发现语言多边化的过程，绝大部分语言知识转向左脑的进程都是远不到青春期就已经完成了，而且若控制语言的半球受到损伤，5岁以后将语言功能转向小脑的能力就会消失了。?
11.答案A。?
【参考译文】 如果孩子患有失语症的话，在青春期开始之前能够完全恢复。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 本题答案的根据在文章的第一段。文中说到：When children suffer aphasia between four and ten and begin learning language again, recovery is usually complete, even if requiring several years.而4至10岁正是属于青春期之前，所以本题的正确答案应该是A项。?
12.答案C。?
【参考译文】 下列叙述正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题是道细节辨别题。?
【详细解答】 文章第一段中清楚地阐明了：When children suffer aphasia between four and ten and begin learning language again, recovery is usually complete, even if requiring several years.从这句话可以推断出本题的正确答案应该是C项“在青春期之前患有失语症的孩子可能要用几年时间才能完全恢复”。?
13.答案B。?
【参考译文】 转移语言功能的能力在5岁以后将会消失。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 文章的最后一段为本题答案的选择提供了依据：Further, the ability to transfer language function from the language?dominant hemisphere to the minor one when the former suffers damage also seems to disappear after five, ... 由此可见本题的正确答案是B而非其他了。?
14.答案A。?
【参考译文】 两三岁的孩子从失语症恢复了之后能够在学习语言上取得比以前更快的进步。?
【试题分析】 本题是道细节题。?
【详细解答】 文章第一段中有一句话为本题答案的选择提供了依据，那就是：Children aged two or three who suffer brain damage may lose all or part of the language they have learned, but are able to begin the learning process again, often progressing at a faster rate than before.据此可知A是本题的正确选项。?
15.答案D。?
【参考译文】 本文主要谈论的是语言学习的关键阶段。?
【试题分析】 本题是道中心思想题。?
【详细解答】 文章虽然谈论了很多有关失语症的问题，但是读完全文就可以发现，谈论失语症也是为谈论语言学习的关键阶段而服务的，因此本题的最佳选项应该是D而非其他。 ??
4
短文大意?
随着就业市场的越来越紧张，男性开始从事通常是女性才从事的职业，尽管这个领域的工作的薪水和社会地位都较低。对于这种现象，年纪大的人的反映比年轻人的反映要强烈。虽然现在情况有所改善，但是这样的男性仍然面临着许多困难。?
16.答案C。?
【参考译文】 根据短文，下列叙述不正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题是道细节辨别题。?
【详细解答】 文章第一段对于妇女所从事的职业有这样一句话：Although female?dominated office and service jobs for the most part rank lower in pay and status, “theyre still there,” says June ONeill, ... 从这句话我们可以看出妇女从事的职业，其薪水和社会地位都较低，尽管如此男人们仍然留在这个领域，而C项所说男人们从事妇女统治的职业是因为薪水较高明显与此不相符，因而符合题意，是本题的正确答案。?
17.答案D。?
【参考译文】 第二段提到年轻人与他们的父母相比对从事女性化职业的态度较为缓和些。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 年青人和父母亲对男性化工作和女性化工作的态度，文章在其第二段中给予了说明：Younger men with less rigid view on what constitutes male or female work “may not feel theres such a stigma to working in a female?dominated field.”由此可见年青人与父母亲相比对从事女性化职业的态度较为和缓些，因此本题的正确答案应为D项。?
18.答案A。?
【参考译文】 戴维·安德森说当他从事秘书工作的时候，他遇到了一些歧视和嘲笑。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对事例的分析判断能力。?
【详细解答】 本题答案的依据在文章第三段。文章在第三段就阐明：尽管观点已缓和，但男人们跨越性别界限而从事某项工作仍然会面对社会歧视和嘲笑。(Although views have softened, men who cross the sexual segregation line in the job market may still face discrimination and ridicule.)接着就举出了戴维·安德森的例子。举事例是为了说明观点，因此戴维·安德森虽未直接说出此话，其意已是如此，故A项为本题的正确答案。?
19.答案D。?
【参考译文】 为什么Anthony Shee，美国航空公司的机上服务生，被误认为是飞行员??
【试题分析】 本题是道句意理解题。?
【详细解答】 文章第六段开头第一句话说明了为什么错认为Anthony Shee是个飞行员了，其原因就在于Males sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher?status professionals.而飞行员的社会地位要高于服务员，因此本题的正确答案应该是D项“因为在妇女统治的领域内工作的男人有时会发现他们被误认为从事地位较高的职业”。?
20.答案B。?
【参考译文】 根据短文，下列叙述不正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题是道是非辨别题。?
【详细解答】 文章在最后一段这样说到：... while men make up only a small fraction of elementary school teachers, a disproportionate number of elementary principals are men.产生这一现象的原因 ... partly because men have been raised to assert themselves and to assume responsibility.(部分是因为男人们被选拔出来以表现自己并承担责任。)由此可推断男人们并不擅长表现自己，必须要提供给予机会，而且Men may also feel more compelled than women to advance ... 因此B项陈述“在工作中男人比女人更自信”与此不符，但符合题意，应是本题的正确答案。
In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world. The pupil soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to stop and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. He has to decide which adults are approachable; good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available―but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter.?
Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to a child. He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people―often rather frightening?ooking people―and realises that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. The school will rightly expect the pupil to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils.
1.According to the passage one of the problems for pupils entering secondary schools is that ____.?
A.they are taught by many different teachers?
B.they do not attend lessons in every subject?
C.the teachers do not want to be friendly?
D.the teachers give most attention to the more academic pupils?
2.In secondary schools every pupil having problems should ____.?
A.know how to ask for help?
B.be free from any pressure of academic work?
C.be able to discuss his problems in class?
D.be able to discuss his problems with any teacher?
3.In this passage about secondary schools, the author is mainly concerned about ____.?
A.academic standards?
B.the role of specialist teachers?
C.the training of the individual teachers?
D.the personal development of pupils?
4.Which of the following statements is true??
A.Pupils will form relationships with old pupils rather than teachers.?
B.The setting of the primary school is comparatively simpler than that of the secondary school.?
C.All the teachers in the secondary school are rather frightening?ooking.?
D.Pupils have opportunities to get help from any teacher in the secondary school.?
5.What is the main idea of this passage??
A.The difference between the primary school and the secondary school.?
B.The method that pupils get help from the teachers.?
C.The personal development of the pupils in the secondary school.?
D.The function of the secondary school.お?
2
Every Sunday morning millions of Indians settle down with a cup of tea and the special weekend issues of their newspapers, just as Americans do. But here, with the marriage season approaching, many of them turn quickly to a Sunday feature that is particularly Indian―the columns and columns of marriage advertisements in which young people look for husbands and wives.?
“Beautiful Brahman girl wanted for bank officer from well?onnected family,” one says. “Vegetarian man (doctor, engineer preferred) for church?ducated girl with light complexion,” says another. “Solid 25?ear?ld, salary four figures, wants tall, charming, educated Punjabi,” says a third.?
This is a relatively modern change in the age?ld custom of the arranged marriage. The thousands of advertisements published each week increasingly reflect social changes that are coming to this traditional society. For example, although women are still usually described in terms of appearance, or skills in “the wifely arts,” information about their earning power is entering more and more of the advertisements. This reflects the arrival in India of the working wife.?
Divorce, which used to be almost unheard of in India, is sometimes now mentioned in the advertisements as in the case of a woman whose advertisement in a New Delhi newspaper explained that she had been “the innocent party” when her marriage broke up.?
Because the custom of the dowry (marriage payment) is now illegal, some advertisements say “no dowry,” or “simple marriage,” which means the same thing. However, the fathers of many bridegrooms still require it.?
As a sign of the slight loosening of the rigid caste (social class) system, a number of advertisements promise “caste not important,” or “girls abilities will be main consideration.” The majority of them, however, still require not only caste, such as Brahman or Kshatriya, but also a certain home region or ethnic origin.?
In a land where light skin is often regarded as socially preferable, many also require that a woman have a “wheat?olor” complexion or that a man be “tall, fair and handsome.”?
Advertisements are placed and eagerly read by a wide range of people in the upper classes, mostly in cities. Many of them receive dozens of answers. “Theres nothing embarrassing about it,” explained a Calcutta businessman advertising for a son?n?aw. “Its just another way of broadening the contacts and increasing the possibility of doing the best one can for ones daughter.”?
Because of high unemployment and a generally poor standard of living here, one of the best attractions a marriage advertisement can offer is a permit to live abroad, especially in Canada or the United States. A person who has one can get what he wants.?
One recent Sunday in Madras, for example, a Punjabi engineer living in San Francisco advertised for a “beautiful slim bride with lovely features knowing music and dance.” And a man whose advertisement said that he had an American immigration permit was able to say, “Only girls from rich, well?ducated families need apply.”=?
6. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that ____.?
A. Indias society is changing?
B. women work?
C. arranged marriages are an age?ld custom?
D. working wife arrives?
7. Although he does not directly say it, the Calcutta businessman would probably agree that ____.?
A. it is a good idea to place marriage advertisements in the newspaper?
B. it is a bad idea to place marriage advertisements in the newspaper?
C. it is embarrassing if anyone answers such advertisements?
D. it is embarrassing if no one answers such advertisements?
8. In “A person who has one can get what he wants,” one refers to ____.?
A. feature
B. marriage advertisement?
C. permit to live abroad
D. Canada or the United States?
9. Paragraph 10 gives examples of ____.?
A. advertisements from two women looking for husbands?
B. typical marriage advertisements from the Madras newspapers?
C. the qualities that a person with an immigration permit can ask for and expect to get?
D. the change of traditional marriage custom?
10.A good title for this article would be ____.?
A. Why Do People Marry??
B. Marriage Customs in India Are Changing?
C. Why Indians Read the Sunday Newspaper??
D. Living Abroadお?
3
An eminent neurologist(神经学者), Eric Lenneberg, argued (Lenneberg, 1967) that the human capacity for language acquisition develops according to built?n biological schedules. Native language learning, he claimed, begins with the start of a state of “resonance” in the child which lasts from about two until the onset of puberty(青春期), at about age thirteen. The evidence for this so?alled critical period for language acquisition offered by Lenneberg was clinical.?
Children aged two or three who suffer brain damage may lose all or part of the language they have learned, but are able to begin the learning process again, often progressing at a faster rate than before. When children suffer aphasia(失语症)between four and ten and begin learning language again, recovery is usually complete, even if requiring several years. Aphasias suffered after puberty, on the other hand, are rarely recovered from completely, and among those occurring after age eighteen, recovery is the exception rather than the rule, partial or total language loss usually being permanent.?
When Krashen (1973) reexamined the data on speech loss and recovery after unilateral brain damage, plus that available from psychological and dicrotic listening tests, he found that the process of language lateralization, the shifting of most linguistic knowledge to the left hemisphere (in most right?anded people), is completed far earlier than puberty, probably by age five in most cases. Further, the ability to transfer language function from the language?ominant hemisphere to the minor one when the former suffers damage also seems to disappear after five, although the idea that it may continue until puberty in some cases is a possibility, too, on the basis on the evidence available.?
11.If the child suffers aphasia, he can recover completely ____.?
A.before the onset of puberty B.after age eighteen?
C.before age two D.after puberty?
12.Which of the following statements is true??
A.Anyone who suffers aphasia may have the ability to recover completely.?
B.Usually, children who suffer aphasia can recover immediately.?
C.It may take several years for children who suffer aphasia before the onset of puberty to recover completely.?
D.The recovery for the children who suffer aphasia is the exception rather than the rule.?
13.The ability of transferring language function will disappear ____.?
A.after puberty B.after five?
C.between four and ten D.before the onset of puberty?
14.Children aged two or three can ____ after recovering from aphasia.?
A.make a faster progress in learning than before?
B.recovery part of the learning ability?
C.do nothing but wait?
D.lose their heart?
15.The passage mainly talk about ____.?
A.the children who suffer aphasia
B.aphasia?
C.the effect of aphaisa
D.a “critical period” for language learning?
4
For one thing, tightness in the job market seems to have given men an additional incentive to take jobs where they can find them. Although female?ominated office and service jobs for the most part rank lower in pay and status, “theyre still there,” says June ONeill, director of program and policy research at the institute. Traditionally male blue?ollar jobs, meanwhile, “arent increasing at all.”?
At the same time, she says, “The outlooks of young people are different.” Younger men with less rigid views on what constitutes male or female work “may not feel theres such a stigma to work in a female?ominated field.”?
Although views have softened, men who cross the sexual segregation line in the job market may still face discrimination and ridicule. David Anderson, a 36?ear?ld former high school teacher, says he found secretarial work “a way out of teaching and into the business world.” He had applied for work at 23 employment agencies for “management training jobs that didnt exist,” and he discovered that “the best skill I had was being able to type 70 words a minute.”?
He took a job as a secretary to the marketing director of a New York publishing company. But he says he could feel a lot of people wondering what I was doing there and if something was wrong with me.?
Mr. Andersons boss was a woman. When she asked him to fetch coffee, he says, “the other secretaries eyebrows went up.” Sales executives who came in to see his boss, he says, “couldnt quite believe that I could and would type, take dictation, and answer the phones.”?
Males sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher?tatus professionals. Anthony Shee, a flight attendant with US Air Inc., has been mistaken for a pilot. Mr. Anderson, the secretary, says he found himself being “treated in executive tones whenever I wore a suit.”?
In fact, the men in traditional female jobs often move up the ladder fast. Mr. Anderson actually worked only seven months as a secretary. Then he got a?
higher?evel, better?aying job as a placement counselor at an employment agency. “I got a lot of encouragement to advance,” he says, “including job tips from male executives who couldnt quite see me staying a secretary.”?
Experts say, for example, that while men make up only a small fraction of elementary school teachers, a disproportionate number of elementary principals are men. Barbara Bergmann, an economist at the University of Maryland who has studied sex segregation at work, believes thats partly because of “sexism in the occupational structure” and partly because men have been raised to assert themselves and to assume responsibility. Men may also feel more compelled than women to advance, she suspects.?
16.According to the passage, which statement is NOT true??
A. Men have taken jobs in female?ominated careers because these jobs were available.?
B. Physical labor jobs were not increasing.?
C. Men have taken jobs in female?ominated careers because these jobs pay more.?
D. Although the jobs in female?ominated careers pay lower, men still take them.?
17.The second paragraph suggests that ____.?
A. young people have more rigid ideas about male or female work than their parents do?
B. both young people and parents have more rigid ideas about male or female work than their parents do?
C. parents have less rigid ideas about male or female work than their children do?
D. young people have less rigid ideas about male or female work than their parents do?
18.David Anderson says ____.?
A. he encountered some discrimination and ridicule when he was working as a secretary?
B. he received encouragement and acceptance from the women secretaries?
C. men make better secretaries than women do?
D. men can do well in a female?ominated field?
19.Why was Anthony Shee, a flight attendant with US Air Inc., mistaken for a pilot??
A. Because he always wore a pilots uniform.?
B. Because he told people he was a pilot instead of a flight attendant.?
C. Because he wants to be a pilot.?
D. Because men in women?ominated fields sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher?tatus professionals.?
20.According to the article, which of the following statements is NOT true??
A. Women are more assertive than men at work.?
B. Men are more assertive than women at work.?
C. Men have traditionally been raised to assume more responsibility than women have.?
D. Men feel more compelled than women to advance.
答案部分
1
短文大意?
在小学，孩子处在一个相对简单的环境里，大部分时间与一位熟悉的老师打交道。而到了中学，学生们面临着一个较为复杂的环境，学生和老师都承受着学业上的压力，孩子们的言行举止更是与小学不同，他们需要作出自己的判断。因此，学校希望学生们能够获得所需要的帮助去走好第一步，因为这是成年人世界的模式，只不过是没那么复杂而已。?
1.答案A。?
【参考译文】 根据短文，进入中学的学生们遇到的问题之一是许多老师给他们上课。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章细节部分的理解。?
【详细解答】 文章在一开始就指出，在小学，孩子们大部分时间与一位熟悉的老师建立关系（... and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher.），言下之意是到了中学就有所区别了。随后文章又提到Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff.可见，老师比较多，学生们无法和他们每个人打交道，选项A符合题目的要求，是本题的正确答案。?
2.答案D。?
【参考译文】 在中学，每一个有问题的学生应该能够和任何一位老师探讨他的问题。?
【试题分析】 本题是道句意理解推论题。?
【详细解答】 本题的答案无法在文章中直接找到，但是可以根据第一段最后一句话进行分析推断。最后一句说：... good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available—but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter.学校承诺可以提供帮助，而实际上对是否是这样要提出疑问，那就说明在现实生活中并非如此。由此可见，本题的正确答案应该是D。?
3.答案D。?
【参考译文】 在本篇关于中学的文章中，作者主要关心的是学生的个人发展。?
【试题分析】 本题是道分析推断题。?
【详细解答】 文章在第一段中就提到进入中学，学生们很快就知道了不能对老师随便乱说话，即使对他们的同学也不能（The pupils soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils.）。在最后一段中有这么一句话：He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people—often rather frightening?looking people—and realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made.从这里也可以看到学生们所面临的处境，而这些都影响着学生们个人的发展，因此D应该是本题的最佳选项。?
4.答案B。?
【参考译文】 下列叙述中正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章细节部分进行辨析的能力。?
【详细解答】 文章的第一句话就说到在小学，孩子处在一个相对简单的环境里（In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting ...），文章大部分谈论的又是中学的情况，由此可以判断出第一句话中所说的相对简单是与中学相比较而言的，因此在所给四个选项中符合题意的是B项“小学的环境相对于中学的环境要简单一些”。?
5.答案C。?
【参考译文】 本篇短文主要讨论的是什么??
【试题分析】 本题是道归纳中心思想的题目。?
【详细解答】 虽然文章中提到了中学和小学的不同之处，但是这毕竟只是局部问题，不是文章所谈论的中心，因此最具干扰性的A项不是本题的答案。B和D所述明显与文章不符，所以都要舍去。只有C项“中学学生个人发展问题”与文章大意相符，是本题的最佳选项。?
?
2
短文大意?
每星期刊出的成千上万的广告不断反映了这个传统社会经历的社会变革，即使是登婚姻广告也不觉得尴尬，一改传统的婚姻习俗。?
6. 答案A。?
【参考译文】 第三段的主要意思是印度的社会正在改变。?
【试题分析】 本题是道逻辑分析推理题。?
【详细解答】 本段的主题句在第二句：The thousands of advertisements published each week increasingly reflect social changes that are coming to this traditional society.(每个星期刊出的成千上万的广告不断反应了这个传统社会经历的社会变革)。根据此主题句就不难找出本题的最佳选项应为A项。?
7. 答案A。?
【参考译文】 尽管并未直接说，凯尔卡特市的商人可能同意在报纸上刊登婚姻广告是个好主意。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 凯尔卡特市的商人虽然未直接发表观点，但是他说“Theres nothing embarrassing about it.”(这样做没什么尴尬的)而且他是在登广告找女婿时说这句话的，因此句中的it指代的是advertising for a son?in?law.同时他认为登广告“Its just another way of broadening the contacts and increasing the possibility of doing the best one can for ones daughter.”(这是拓宽接触面的又一种方法，同时增加了为其女儿选择最合适人选的可能性。)同样这句话中的it仍然指的是advertising for a son?in?law.通过这样简单的分析，我们不难推断出本题的最佳答案应该是A项在报纸上登征婚广告是一个好主意。?
8. 答案C。?
【参考译文】 在A person who has one can get what he wants中one指的是定居海外的批文。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是根据上下文推测词义的能力。?
【详细解答】 这句话出现在文章的第九段。one在这里很明显不可能是指人，只可能是指事，指的是前文所提之事：由于高失业率和贫穷的生活标准，征婚广告的最大魅力之一就在于获得移居国外的批文，特别是到加拿大和美国。(... one of the best attractions a marriage advertisement can offer is a permit to live abroad, especially in Canada or the United States.)因此one指的是a permit to live abroad.C项是本题的正确答案。?
9. 答案C。?
【参考译文】 第十段给出了一个拥有移民批文的人能够要求并希望得到的地位。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章细节部分的理解。?
【详细解答】 文章第十段所举事例是为了说明前文所说的：A person who has one can get what he wants.(一个人若拥有移居国外的批文就能得到他想要的)。在婚姻上也是如此，只要有这个批文，不论自己如何，他就可以任意选择自己的新娘，因此本题的最佳答案应该是C。?
10.答案B。?
【参考译文】 本文的最佳题目是印度的婚俗在改变。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是综合归纳概括的能力。?
【详细解答】 本文主要讲述的是印度一改传统婚姻习俗，通过广告来寻找结婚对象，因此本题的最佳选项应为B项而非其他。??
3
短文大意?
一位著名的神经学家指出，人类语言积累发展的过程是根据脑内的生物时间表来进行的。母语的学习是在孩子开始处于“共鸣”状态的时候进行的，大约是从2岁到青春期开始为止。临床证明，脑部受到损伤的两三岁孩子可能会失去全部或者部分记忆，但是还能够重新开始学习语言，而且进步比以前要快。4至10岁间患有失语症的通常可以完全恢复。但是青春期患上失语症的人很少能够完全恢复，18岁以后患失语症的人能够恢复就是一种例外了。另外还发现语言多边化的过程，绝大部分语言知识转向左脑的进程都是远不到青春期就已经完成了，而且若控制语言的半球受到损伤，5岁以后将语言功能转向小脑的能力就会消失了。?
11.答案A。?
【参考译文】 如果孩子患有失语症的话，在青春期开始之前能够完全恢复。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 本题答案的根据在文章的第一段。文中说到：When children suffer aphasia between four and ten and begin learning language again, recovery is usually complete, even if requiring several years.而4至10岁正是属于青春期之前，所以本题的正确答案应该是A项。?
12.答案C。?
【参考译文】 下列叙述正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题是道细节辨别题。?
【详细解答】 文章第一段中清楚地阐明了：When children suffer aphasia between four and ten and begin learning language again, recovery is usually complete, even if requiring several years.从这句话可以推断出本题的正确答案应该是C项“在青春期之前患有失语症的孩子可能要用几年时间才能完全恢复”。?
13.答案B。?
【参考译文】 转移语言功能的能力在5岁以后将会消失。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 文章的最后一段为本题答案的选择提供了依据：Further, the ability to transfer language function from the language?dominant hemisphere to the minor one when the former suffers damage also seems to disappear after five, ... 由此可见本题的正确答案是B而非其他了。?
14.答案A。?
【参考译文】 两三岁的孩子从失语症恢复了之后能够在学习语言上取得比以前更快的进步。?
【试题分析】 本题是道细节题。?
【详细解答】 文章第一段中有一句话为本题答案的选择提供了依据，那就是：Children aged two or three who suffer brain damage may lose all or part of the language they have learned, but are able to begin the learning process again, often progressing at a faster rate than before.据此可知A是本题的正确选项。?
15.答案D。?
【参考译文】 本文主要谈论的是语言学习的关键阶段。?
【试题分析】 本题是道中心思想题。?
【详细解答】 文章虽然谈论了很多有关失语症的问题，但是读完全文就可以发现，谈论失语症也是为谈论语言学习的关键阶段而服务的，因此本题的最佳选项应该是D而非其他。 ??
4
短文大意?
随着就业市场的越来越紧张，男性开始从事通常是女性才从事的职业，尽管这个领域的工作的薪水和社会地位都较低。对于这种现象，年纪大的人的反映比年轻人的反映要强烈。虽然现在情况有所改善，但是这样的男性仍然面临着许多困难。?
16.答案C。?
【参考译文】 根据短文，下列叙述不正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题是道细节辨别题。?
【详细解答】 文章第一段对于妇女所从事的职业有这样一句话：Although female?dominated office and service jobs for the most part rank lower in pay and status, “theyre still there,” says June ONeill, ... 从这句话我们可以看出妇女从事的职业，其薪水和社会地位都较低，尽管如此男人们仍然留在这个领域，而C项所说男人们从事妇女统治的职业是因为薪水较高明显与此不相符，因而符合题意，是本题的正确答案。?
17.答案D。?
【参考译文】 第二段提到年轻人与他们的父母相比对从事女性化职业的态度较为缓和些。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对文章句意的理解。?
【详细解答】 年青人和父母亲对男性化工作和女性化工作的态度，文章在其第二段中给予了说明：Younger men with less rigid view on what constitutes male or female work “may not feel theres such a stigma to working in a female?dominated field.”由此可见年青人与父母亲相比对从事女性化职业的态度较为和缓些，因此本题的正确答案应为D项。?
18.答案A。?
【参考译文】 戴维·安德森说当他从事秘书工作的时候，他遇到了一些歧视和嘲笑。?
【试题分析】 本题测试的是对事例的分析判断能力。?
【详细解答】 本题答案的依据在文章第三段。文章在第三段就阐明：尽管观点已缓和，但男人们跨越性别界限而从事某项工作仍然会面对社会歧视和嘲笑。(Although views have softened, men who cross the sexual segregation line in the job market may still face discrimination and ridicule.)接着就举出了戴维·安德森的例子。举事例是为了说明观点，因此戴维·安德森虽未直接说出此话，其意已是如此，故A项为本题的正确答案。?
19.答案D。?
【参考译文】 为什么Anthony Shee，美国航空公司的机上服务生，被误认为是飞行员??
【试题分析】 本题是道句意理解题。?
【详细解答】 文章第六段开头第一句话说明了为什么错认为Anthony Shee是个飞行员了，其原因就在于Males sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher?status professionals.而飞行员的社会地位要高于服务员，因此本题的正确答案应该是D项“因为在妇女统治的领域内工作的男人有时会发现他们被误认为从事地位较高的职业”。?
20.答案B。?
【参考译文】 根据短文，下列叙述不正确的是哪一项??
【试题分析】 本题是道是非辨别题。?
【详细解答】 文章在最后一段这样说到：... while men make up only a small fraction of elementary school teachers, a disproportionate number of elementary principals are men.产生这一现象的原因 ... partly because men have been raised to assert themselves and to assume responsibility.(部分是因为男人们被选拔出来以表现自己并承担责任。)由此可推断男人们并不擅长表现自己，必须要提供给予机会，而且Men may also feel more compelled than women to advance ... 因此B项陈述“在工作中男人比女人更自信”与此不符，但符合题意，应是本题的正确答案。