初中英语词汇语法第五十八讲 句子表语
它一般位于系动词be,become,look,seem等后面。
表语的组成——表语可由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词以及表语从句表示之。
要特别注意某些行为动词现分别举例如下:兼作系动词时引出表语的情况。
1. 划线部分实际上也是为主语服务的:
(1) He went to the states a college student and came back a famous scientist.
他去美国时是个大学生,但回国时已是著名的科学家。(名词作表语)
(2) Several screws have come loose. 有几个螺钉松了。(形容词作表语。)
2. 代词作表语:
—— Is that book hers?(那本书是她的吗?)
3. 形容词作表语:
(1)The teacher's words remain fresh in my mind. (老师的话我记忆犹新。)
(2) She's keeping quite well. (她身体一直保持得很好。)
(3)It is hot. The meat has gone bad. (天热,肉坏了)
(4)She was born deaf and blind. (她生来就耳聋眼瞎。)
(5) Hot metal contracts as it grows cooler. (热金属一开始变冷就收缩。)
4. 数词作表语:
She was the second to enter the reading-room this morning. (她今早第2个进阅览室)
5. 不定式作表语:
Our aim is to realize the four modernizations as soon as possible. (我们的目标是尽快实现四个现代化。)
(在口语中,不定式前的to可省略。在本句内切不可把 is to realize…理解为将来时
态,表示“打算实现……”之意。如果主语改为China,则句意才是“中国打算尽快实
现四个现代化”)
6. 动名词作表语:
Our task is building China into a mighty socialist country.
——我们的任务是把中国建设成为一个强大的社会主义国家。
(与上句一样,不能理解为现在进行时,因这里主语不能产生“建设”这个动作)
7. 过去分词作表语:
These phenomena are associated with each other. (这些现象是相互联系的。)
8. 介词短语作表语:
(1) What is happening is of great importance to us. 正在发生的事对我们十分重要。
(2) The towers were exactly(of) the same height. (这些塔的高度完全相同)
9. 副词作表语:
——I must be off. (我得走了。)
10. 从句作表语:
(1)Is that how you reward me for my help? (这就是你对我的报答吗?)
(2)It may be because trade helps the development of industry.
这也许是因为贸易促进了工业的发展。(bcuz引出的是表语从句,不是原因状语从句)
(3)The cause of the fire was that somebody carelessly threw away a cigaretteend.
火灾的起因是某人随意乱扔了烟头。(句中that引出表语从句。注意不能用because代替that,否则because和前面的cause在意义上重复)
下面这句中的because从句被强调了,而不是表语从句:
It was because somebody carelessly threw a cigarette end that the fire broke out yesterday night. (正因为有人随意乱扔烟头,昨夜才发生了这场火灾。)
注1:凡是能作表语的,一般也能转为作宾语补语和主语补语,因宾语补语实质上是“宾语的表语”,而主语补语实质上就属于表语这个范畴。例如:
(1)The wine cup is broken. (这个酒杯是破的。)——过分转化为形容词,作表语)
(2) We found the wine cup(to be) broken. (我们发现这酒杯是破的。)——(句中 broken为宾语补语,实质上是宾语thewine cup的“表语”)
(3)The wine cup was found broken. (当时发现这酒杯是破的。) ——(broken作主语补语。说明主语状态的,因此看作属于“表语”范畴)
注2:凡是和形状、大小、颜色、年龄、价格、高度、类型等有关的词,都可在前面加of作表语。这些词前面有“the+形容词”或后面又有其他介词短语修饰时,前面的of常可省略。
注3:注意“(It is) Not that…but that…”句型。句首It is常省略,其中两个that都引出表语从句。
注4:系动词不限于be,常见的还有:act,appear,become,come,fall,feel,get,go,grow,keep,lie,look,prove,remain,seem,smell,sound, stand,stay,taste,turn等。